Humphried (Gunfried, Onfroy) ( fr. Onfroi , German Humfried, Hunfrid [1] , died after 876 ) - Count Bona 856 - 863 , Autun , Chalon , Macon ( 858 - 863 ), Marquis of Burgundy 858 - 863 , Gothia 858 - 864 , count of Barcelona , Roussillon and Narbonne 857/858 - 864 , count of Ampuryas , Gerona and Besalu 857/858 - 864 , count of Toulouse and Rouerga 863 - 864 , Limoges 862 - 862 , count in Zurichgau at 872 - 876 .
Humfried (onfroy) | |||||||
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Humfried (Humfred, Humfrid, Onfroi) | |||||||
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Predecessor | Bernard I Septimansky | ||||||
Successor | Bernard II Gothic | ||||||
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Predecessor | Odallic | ||||||
Successor | Bernard II Gothic | ||||||
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Predecessor | Raimund I of Toulouse | ||||||
Successor | Bernard II Calf | ||||||
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Predecessor | Izembard | ||||||
Successor | Bernard Plantwell | ||||||
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Predecessor | Izembard | ||||||
Successor | Eckhard | ||||||
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Predecessor | Izembard | ||||||
Successor | Ed i de trois | ||||||
Birth | |||||||
Death | after 876 | ||||||
Father |
Content
Origin
There are 3 versions of its origin.
According to the first version, Humphried was descended from the noble Swabian family of Burchardingers [2] . The ancestor of this genus, Gunfried (Humphrid) I , was a margrave in Istria in 799 , later (in 806/808 ) he was a count in Retsii . His son, Gunfried (Humphrid) II, was also a count in Retsii. He had a childless son, Gunfried (Gumphreid) III, with whom Gumfried was identified.
According to the second version, Humphried could have been the son of Unrosch [3] , Count Turnois, and Ingiltrudy, and, accordingly, his mother’s brother Odalric , whom Humphryd had replaced in Barcelona.
According to the third version, Humphried was the son of the Marquis of Burgundy Gwerin II and brother of Izembard , whom Humphried succeeded in Burgundy.
Biography
Humphried took part in the uprising against the king of the East Frankish kingdom (Germany) Louis II of Germany , after which he was forced to flee to the West Frankish kingdom , whose king, Charles II the Bald , accepted the fugitive. In 856, Humphried received the Burgundy county of Bon. For his faithful service, Carl until 858 also appointed Gumfried ruler of several counties in the Spanish brand - Barcelona , Gerona , Ampourias , Roussillon and Narbonne , and also gave the title of Marquis of Gothia .
At the beginning of 858, Humphried negotiated a truce with the governor of Zaragossa Abd al-Rahman. Then, leaving the county to manage the viscount, he went to King Charles. In February he was in Bon, and in August he participated in the battle against the Normans . This war attempted to take advantage of Louis the German, invading France, and Humphried participated in the struggle of Charles the Bald against Louis. In September, Humphried was in Bon to recruit an army. And on January 15, 859, he participated in the battle of Saint-Quentin, in which Louis was defeated. In addition, in 858, Carl handed over to Gumfried of the county of Autun , Chalon and Macon with the title of Marquis of Burgundy .
In 861 , after the end of the truce, the Arabs attacked Barcelona, besieging it. But Gumfried managed to negotiate a new truce, after which the siege was lifted and the Arabs left.
In 862, Charles the Bald decided to seize Provence , whose king would be the son of the late Emperor Lothair I. His uncle, Gerard , Count of Lyon and Vienne, a relative of Gumfried, ruled over the infant king. Aquitaine, including Gumfried, opposed the plan. As a result, a rebellion broke out in Aquitaine. Karl the Bald accused Gumfried of treachery and deprived him of a part of his possessions. County Ampourias and Peralada were transferred to Count Sunie II , Gerona and Besalu - Count Otgeru .
In April 863, Humphried captured Toulouse , driving out the marquis Raimund I. In response, Karl Lysy sent troops to Burgundy and confiscated the possessions of Gumfried, distributing them to his entourage.
Humphried himself until 864, unsuccessfully fought against Charles, after which he fled to Italy , and from there to Swabia . The remainder of the possession in Gothia was also confiscated.
In 872-876 he is referred to as a count in Zurichgau . After 876 there is no information about him. It is not known whether he was married, nothing is known about his children.
Notes
- ↑ There are many other spellings of his name: Hunfrid, Humsfrid, Humfried, Unifred, Unifredo, Hunifredo, Onfroi, Onfroy.
- ↑ From this clan came the first Duke of Swabia Burchard I
- ↑ The grandson of Unrosch was Berengar Friulsky , the king of Italy.
Literature
- Lewis, Archibald R. The Development of Southern and the Catalan Society, 718-1050 . University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965.
- Calmette, J. "Onfroy, Marquis de Gothie." Études Médiévales.
- Chaume, M. "Onfroi, Marquis de Gothie, ses origines et ses attachés familiales." Annales du Midi, LII (1940).