Peter Ernst II von Mansfeld ( Ernst Mansfeld ) ( ger. Peter Ernst II. Von Mansfeld ; 1580 - November 29, 1626 ) was a German military leader of the initial Thirty Years War from the Mansfeld count family.
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He served first in the Spanish army. At the beginning of the war for the jülich-kleve inheritance , in 1609, he switched to the service of the Archduke Leopold and raised fear on the enemies with his raids and robberies. In 1610, taken prisoner, he was not redeemed by Leopold, contrary to the promise of the latter, as a result of which he went over to the side of the union . Sent to the aid of the duke Karl Emmanuel of Savoy , he fought with the Spaniards ( 1613 ).
Thirty Years' War
In 1618 he joined the Czech anti-Habsburg uprising , for which the emperor was subjected to disgrace. Insulted pride kept him inactive in Pilsen ; he negotiated with both sides ( 1620 ), until the battle on White Mountain ended the power of Frederick V. After Pilzen’s capitulation, he gathered around himself most of the scattered Czech troops, as well as English and Palatinate troops, obtaining war food for them , stayed in Upper Palatinate until the autumn of 1621 , then crossed the Rhine and successfully fought Tilly and the Spaniards, everywhere devastated and from Gagenau, occupied the winter apartments.
In 1622, he, along with the Margrave of Baden, defeated Tilly in Wiesloch , then entered the service of the general states, made his way to the Spanish Netherlands with arms, defeated Cordova in Fleurus, and united with Prince Moritz of Orange . In 1623 , on the instructions of the states, he occupied Eastern Freeznia, where the undisciplined army made terrible atrocities until it was dissolved.
In 1625 , with 12,000 soldiers recruited in England , he appeared in the Lower Elbe area , invaded Anhalt in February 1626, and on 25 April attacked Wallenstein at Dessau Bridge, but suffered a complete defeat . He hastily recruited a new army, which was supported by French subsidies, drew 5,000 Danes to his side and headed, constantly pursued by the enemy, to Moravia and Hungary , where he joined up with Bates Gabor . When Bethlen-Gabor made peace with the emperor, Mansfeld went to Venice through the Turkish possessions.
The path to the coast, where he had to wait for the ship to Venice, led through Bosnia. In the village of Rakovica, in the mountains above Sarajevo, he was overwhelmed by a stroke, supposedly caused by tuberculosis. Mansfeld managed to dictate his will and died the next night. According to legend, Mansfeld expected to die in full battle standing standing, leaning on two servants. His remains are believed to have been buried on one of the islands near Spalato .
Notes
- B BNF ID : Open Data Platform - 2011.
- ↑ Nationalencyklopedin - 1999.
- ↑ Early Modern Letters Online
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica
Literature
- Mansfeld, earl family // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Walter Krüssmann: Ernst von Mansfeld (1580-1626); Grafensohn, Söldnerführer, Kriegsunternehmer gegen Habsburg im Dreißigjährigen Krieg ; Berlin 2010 (Duncker & Humblot, Historische Forschungen , Bd. 94); ISBN 978-3-428-13321-5 ; To book: Ernst von Mansfeld ;
- Reuss, "Graf Ernst von M. im böhmischen Krieg 1618-21" (Braunsch., 1865);
- Villermont, Ernest de Mansfeld (Brussels, 1866);
- Uetterodt zu Scharffenberg, Ernest Graf zu M., 1580-1626 (with letters from M. and Tilly, Gotha, 1867);
- Grossmann, "Des Grafen Ernst v. M. letzte Pläne und Thaten ”(Bresl., 1876).