The Asian part of Russia , or Asian Russia , is part of the territory of the Russian Federation (RF), geographically related to Asia .
Content
Description
The area of the macroregion is about 13.1 million km² , which makes up about 77% of the territory of modern Russia, and also surpasses any other state in the territory. According to the 2002 All-Russian Population Census, about 39.13 million people lived in the Ural ( Ural Federal District), Siberian (Siberian Federal District) and Far Eastern (Far Eastern) federal districts, that is, 27% of the total population of the Russian Federation [1] .
On average, population density is noticeably lower than in the European part of the country, and one of the smallest in the world is 1.9 inhabitants per 1 km² (the average for the Russian Federation is 8.3). According to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, 37.63 million people lived in the Ural Federal District, Siberian Federal District, and Far Eastern Federal District. [2]
The largest cities (with a population of over 500 thousand people): Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Chelyabinsk , Omsk , Krasnoyarsk , Tyumen , Barnaul , Irkutsk , Khabarovsk , Vladivostok , Tomsk , Kemerovo , Novokuznetsk .
The Asian part of Russia is comprised of four economic regions of the country - the Ural (partially), West Siberian , East Siberian and Far Eastern .
History
Russian Empire
Historically, the Asian part of Russia included all lands beyond the once traditional East Slavic habitat of settlement, acquired from the middle of the 16th century, after the Grand Duchy of Moscow , having conquered the Kazan and Astrakhan Khanates and expanded beyond the Volga , became the Russian Empire [3] .
Further territorial and political expansion of Russia led to the inclusion of new vast lands. According to the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, Asian Russia at the beginning of the 20th century consisted of Siberia (with the Far East ), Central Asian possessions (modern Kazakhstan and Central Asia ) and the Caucasus region of the empire (present-day Transcaucasia ). Such an interpretation was also adopted by foreign sources - for example, Baku’s oil fields were attributed to Asian Russia.
Soviet Union
With the formation of the RSFSR after the October Revolution of 1917, and later the USSR , as well as the rise of the Transcaucasian and Central Asian republics and autonomies to the status of union republics, the concept of Asian Russia lost its former meaning and gave way to a new one - the Asian part of the USSR. In particular, such a formulation is used in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia [4] and Soviet specialized literature. At the same time, the Asian part of Russia began to mean only the Asian part of the territory of the RSFSR.
Modernity
Ural economic region West Siberian Economic Region East Siberian Economic Region Far Eastern Economic Region
This meaning remains [5] even after the collapse of the USSR in 1991, when independent states were formed in its Central Asian and Transcaucasian regions, and the RSFSR became the Russian Federation. Often, modern sources [5] write the term with a lowercase, and not with a capital letter , thereby affirming its purely geographical character.
In the encyclopedias sometimes there are also special options - say, in the " History of the Fatherland " the concept of "Asian territory of the Russian Federation" is used [6] . Sometimes, especially in foreign sources, Asian Russia means Siberia with the inclusion of the Russian Far East .
See also
- european part of Russia
- The border between Europe and Asia
Notes
- ↑ Vishnevsky A. Replacement Migration: Is is a solution for Russia? , United Nations Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (August 15, 2000), p. 6.
- ↑ Preliminary results of the 2010 Census . demographia.ru. Date of treatment June 25, 2018.
- ↑ The Russian state in the XVI - beginning of the XVII century. (in 1490-1618 gg.) . Historic.Ru . Date of treatment June 25, 2018. Archived May 23, 2006.
- ↑ Asian part of Russia - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- ↑ 1 2 See, for example, an article about Russia in the encyclopedia Round-the-World
- ↑ Asian part of Russia // History of the Fatherland
Literature
- Atlas of Asian Russia on the Runivers website
- Asian Russia // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Belov M.I. , Gvozdetsky N.A. , Murzaev M.E. et al. History of the discovery and research of Soviet Asia: Collection. - M .: Thought , 1969 .-- 535 p. - ( Discovery of the Earth ). - 13,000 copies.
- Gvozdetsky, N .; Mikhailov, N. Physical geography of the USSR. Part 2. The Asian part. - M. , 1970.
- Atlas of Asian Russia / Under the direction of G.V. Glinka. - The publication of the resettlement management of land management and agriculture. - SPb. : printing house of A.F. Marx, 1914 .-- 71 p.
- Geographical study of Asian Russia: (to the 40th anniversary of the Institute of Geography SB RAS ) / RAS . Siberian Branch , Institute of Geography .. - Irkutsk: Irkutsk State. Univ. , 1997 .-- 264 p. - ISBN 5-02-030786-6 .
- Siberia. Atlas of Asian Russia . - M .: Top book , Theory , Design. Information. Cartography , 2007 .-- 664 p. - ISBN 5-287-00413-3 .
- Alekseev V., Alekseeva E., Zubkov K., Poberezhnikov I. Asian Russia in geopolitical and civilizational dynamics. XVI — XX centuries . - M .: Nauka , 2004 .-- 600 s. - ISBN 5-02-009858-2 .