Dr. Strangelove, or How I Stopped Afraid and Loved the Bomb

Commander of the American Air Force Base Brigadier General Jack D. Ripper (in tune with Jack the Ripper : English Jack D. Ripper - Jack-The-Ripper ) ( Sterling Hayden ), guided by the "R Plan" - an emergency military plan that allows senior officers give the command orders of nuclear retaliation in the event that the command in Washington (including the president himself) is destroyed by a Soviet decapitation attack, - begins a massive attack on the Soviet Union with B-52 bombers carrying nuclear weapons . Ripper orders the confiscation of all the radios at the base, but one of the officers, the timid British Air Force captain Lionel Mandrake ( Peter Sellers ), finds out about the scam by hearing music on the radio instead of civil defense signals . He asks Ripper, the only person who knows the aircraft recall code, to recall the planes before it is too late, but in vain: the general, alluding to the possible use of weapons, is locked with Mandrake in his office.

Meanwhile, on board one of the aircraft under the command of a major from Texas, J. T. Kong, nicknamed "King" ( Slim Pickens ), the crew expresses concern about how serious the situation is. Having received a confirmation code to act in accordance with the “Plan R”, the crew blocks radio communications, and the bomber is sent to attack the USSR.

At the same time, in the Pentagon , in the "War Room", an emergency meeting is convened, which is attended by US President Merkin Muffley ( Peter Sellers ), General Buck Turjidson ( George C. Scott ) and other senior officials. The President decides that war must be avoided in any way, but General Turjidson calls for taking advantage of the situation and ending the USSR once and for all, believing that the first strike by the Americans will destroy 90% of Soviet missiles before the Soviet missile forces can respond, while the rest will kill "Only ten, twenty million."

Muffley categorically refuses anything like that, and instead urgently invites the Soviet ambassador Alexei Desadetsky ( allusion to the Marquis de Sade ) ( Peter Bull ). The President, who is not able to withdraw his own planes, contacts the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Dmitry Kisov via the Hot Line and, exchanging courtesies, reports about a “little trouble” with the nuclear attack. Since Muffley does not have the ability to recall aircraft, he offers his Soviet counterpart to bring down them. The USSR Prime Minister, who is in a state of intoxication, replies that this question is "not to him, but to the central headquarters of the air defense in Omsk " and, inviting the American president to call him on his own, says something to Alexei, after which he darkens in his face. The Soviet ambassador informs the President of the United States that a doomsday computer has been built in the USSR, which will automatically work and, through the explosion of a cobalt - thorium bomb, will destroy all life on the planet in ten months if at least one atomic bomb explodes on Soviet territory. It is impossible to turn off the machine. Alexey explains the construction of the machine by the fact that the USSR spent a lot of money on the arms race . The machine, however, cost much less than what is allocated for the maintenance and updating of the country's defense. The decisive factor was the rumors about the creation of such a machine in the United States. The strategy expert, wheelchair-bound Dr. Strangelove (third role of Peter Sellers ), who attends the meeting, explains how convenient and effective this device is and that if it is activated, it is impossible to counteract it.

At the same time, the assault on the military base begins, on which General Ripper ^{[K 2]} sat. The base personnel are fiercely resisting, since Ripper “warned” his wards in advance that the arrived American troops “in fact” are disguised as Russians. When the base has already been taken by assault, Ripper commits suicide without giving away the secret code. Parsing the papers of his extravagant boss, Mandrake finds hints of what the revocation code should be. Nevertheless, he is arrested (as the “leader of the pervert rebellion” against Ripper), and for a long time he begs Colonel “Bet” Guano ( Keenan Wynn ) to let him give the code (“POE”) to Washington. Since the telephone line is cut off, Mandrake has to make a call from a pay phone , for which he orders Colonel Guano to shoot the machine lock with Coca-Cola and pick up the little thing inside. “Bet” Guano does not want to participate in the hacking of the machine, considering private property inviolable, but still shoots the castle and warns the assistant general that he will have to sue the Coca-Cola company.

At this time, Soviet air defense is trying to bring down American planes seen on the radar. Three bombers were shot down, the plane under the command of J.T. Kong is seriously damaged, his communications equipment is completely destroyed and fuel is leaking. When the access code arrives, the remaining thirty planes return to the base, and only Major Kong's plane, which has not received the rebound signal, continues to stubbornly break through to the reserve target. It moves below the visibility range of Soviet radars, so Soviet-American efforts to stop it are failing.

Due to a fuel leak, Major Kong’s plane cannot reach either the main, fictitious Laputa base (referring to the flying island from D. Swift’s novel “ Gulliver’s Travels ”), or the secondary target (a real missile base near the city of Borshchev, Ternopil Region) his flight, and the crew decides to strike at the nearest Soviet missile system in Kotlas . Having reached the goal, he tries to drop the bombs, but the bombs jam. Major Kong personally goes down to the bombs, saddles one of them like a cowboy , repairs the reset mechanism and flies down with the bomb (allusion to the incident with the fall of the atomic bomb in Mars Bluff - the case of the loss of nuclear munition, which became the first known to the general public from a number of similar incidents because the bomb was dropped on a village in South Carolina , and not, as usual, at sea. On March 11, 1958, during the flight of the Boeing B-47E-LM "Stratojet" bomber, navigator Bruce Kulka went to the bomb bay at the request of the commander to check the safety check bom s, t. a. in the cockpit came on a warning light signal , testifying fault latch bomb relief mechanism. After fruitless searches lock it climbed the descender device for emergency relief bomb to see him better, and accidentally brought into force. Trohtonnaya bomb broke the hatch of an airplane and flew to the ground from an altitude of 4600 meters. Captain Kulke, unlike Major Kong, managed to stay on board). A cloud of nuclear explosion is rising.

In the War Room, Dr. Strangelove enthusiastically recommends that the president gather several hundred thousand “best representatives of the human race” in underground shelters selected in the proportion of “ten women per man” so that they can multiply freely and intensively, and return in a few decades on the surface of the Earth cleared of other life.

The doctor miraculously gets up from the wheelchair, takes a couple of steps and exclaims joyfully: "My Fuhrer , I can walk!" Direct assembly gluing together under the lyric song of the Second World War “ We'll Meet Again ”, one after another all over the planet explodes nuclear charges.

The Three Roles of Peter Sellers

Believing that the box-office success of such a risky project can only be brought by Sellers, Columbia Pictures insisted on playing several roles in the film at once, as was done, for example, in the 1959 film Mouse Roar ^[5] . Kubrick agreed with the demand, taking into account that “such a rude and grotesque position is an indispensable condition for commercial success” ^{[6] [7]} .

As a result, Sellers plays only three of the four roles written for him. He was supposed to play aviation major J.T. "King" Kong, the commander of the B-52 Stratofortress bomber , but from the very beginning Sellers was reluctant to look at this role. He felt that his load would be too great, and worried that he could not properly portray the character's Texas accent. Kubrick asked the screenwriter Terry Southern , who grew up in Texas, to tape Kong's voice on the tape with the proper dialect. ^[8] Listening to Southern's cassette helped Sellers to speak with the right accent, and then the shooting of scenes on the plane began. But soon Sellers turned up his ankle and was unable to work in a cramped cabin ^{[6] [7]} .

Sellers improvised most of the dialogue with Kubrick before filming, so that the invented cues were included in the final version of the script (this method is called Retroscripting ^[9] ).

Captain Lionel Mandrake

According to film critic Alexander Walker, author of biographies about Sellers and Kubrick, the role of Lionel Mandrake (Mandrake - Mandrake ) was the easiest for Sellers, due to his experience of serving in the British Air Force during the Second World War ^[9] . There is also some similarity between the character and Sellers friend comedian Terry-Thomas and the British Air Force Colonel, ace Douglas Bader .

President Merkin Muffley

For a plausible performance of this character, whose surname is consonant with the word "silencer" ( English Muffley - "muffler"), Sellers smoothed out his English accent, making it look like a dialect of an American Midwestern . He drew inspiration for the role from the image of Adlai Stevenson ^[9] , the former Governor of Illinois , Democratic presidential candidate in 1952 and 1956 , US Permanent Representative to the United Nations during the Caribbean crisis .

During the filming of the film, Sellers played cold symptoms to emphasize his character’s weak character. This caused laughter among the film crew, killing several takes. In the end, Kubrick decided to abandon this detail, feeling that the US President should look serious ^[9] , so Muffley turned out to be quite strict, although in some scenes the President’s slight weakness is shown.

Dr. Strangelove

The protagonist of the film (which, incidentally, was not in the book ^[10] ) is an eccentric German scientist who once worked for the Third Reich and after the Second World War moved to the USA. When General Turjidson asks about the “strange” surname of Strangelove ( English - “strange love”), Mr. Steinis says that this is a German surname: he was Merkwürdigliebe ( German - Merkwürdigliebe) before accepting American citizenship, without explaining that the translation is the same the most - "strange love." The prototype for Strangelove was: RAND corporation strategist Hermann Kahn , mathematician and one of the leading developers of the Manhattan project John von Neumann , German scientist Werner von Braun , "father of thermonuclear weapons" Edward Teller , and Dr. Zempf - the hero of the previous film Kubrick " Lolita ", played by the same Sellers ^{[11] [12]} . The emphasis was influenced by the Austrian-American photographer Wigi , who worked for Kubrick as a special consultant on photographic effects ^[13] . There is also a widespread belief that the prototype for the character was Henry Kissinger , but Kubrick and Sellers denied this ^[14] . In fact, Kissinger became an adviser to the President only in 1969.

Appearance of Strangelove echoes the crazy inventor Rothwang from the Fritz Lang movie “ Metropolis ”: a black glove on one arm and disheveled hair ^[15] . The black glove of Strangelove was proposed by Kubrick, but Sellers forced the glove to live its own life ^[16] .According to film critic Alexander Walker, the fact that the Doctor’s hand, either in itself rushing up in a Nazi salute , then starting to strangle its owner, speaks of apraxia , or someone else’s hand syndrome (after the premiere of the film, the name “Doctor Strangejl Syndrome” is common).

Slim Pickens as J. T. King

Биограф Терри Саузерна, Ли Хилл, заявлял, что сразу после того, как Селлерс повредил ногу, роль была предложена Джону Уэйну , но тот немедленно отказался ^[17] . Также на эту роль рассматривался Дэн Блокер , популярный в то время телевизионный актёр, но, по словам Саузерна, агент Блокера отверг сценарий как «слишком коммуняцкий» ( англ. — «too pinko» — в США в годы Холодной войны: человек, испытывающий симпатии к коммунизму ) ^[18] . В итоге роль получил Слим Пикенс, с уже установившемся амплуа ковбоя, тем более что он уже работал с Кубриком во время съёмок « Одноглазых валетов » — фильма, режиссёром которого Кубрик был на стадии подготовки ^[17] .

Биограф Кубрика Джон Бакстер в документальном фильме «Inside the Making of Dr. Strangelove» рассказывал:

Как оказалось, Пикенс никогда не покидал пределов США. Он торопился получить свой паспорт. Когда он приехал на съёмочную площадку, кто-то сказал: «Боже, он приехал в [ковбойском] костюме!», не понимая, что он всегда так одет — в ковбойской шляпе, куртке с бахромой и в ковбойских ботинках, — и что он не пытался изображать персонажа — он в такой манере разговаривал.

Original text

As it turns out, Slim Pickens had never left the United States. He had to hurry and get his first passport. He arrived on the set, and somebody said, "Gosh, he's arrived in costume !," not realizing that that's how he always dressed ... with the cowboy hat and the fringed jacket and the cowboy boots - and that he wasn't putting on the character - that's the way he talked.

George C. Scott as General Turjidson

During the filming, Kubrick and Scott had different opinions about some scenes ^[19] , so scandals were not uncommon. After completing the work, Scott vowed to no longer deal with Kubrick ^[20] . Despite this, Scott, as an experienced chess player, immensely respected the director for his skill in playing chess, which they often played on the set ^[19] .

Source and script

After returning from Britain to the United States after the filming of Lolita , Kubrick became increasingly occupied with the topic of nuclear war ^[21] . He began to subscribe to armament magazines, and by 1963 had collected about eighty books on nuclear strategy ^[22] . At this time, , president of the International Institute for Strategic Studies , recommends him the book of Peter George 's ^[23] . The novel, praised by Thomas Schelling, a specialist in game theory and future Nobel Prize winner in economics ^[24] , was so impressed with Kubrick that he immediately bought the rights to the film adaptation ^[25] .

In collaboration with George, the director begins to write a script based on the book. At the early stage of working with Kubrick, the project was discussed by his longtime friend , who believed that anarchist humor in the film would be a mistake ^[26] . Soon, they amicably decided to terminate the business union ^[27] . From the very beginning, Kubrick found the uncompromisingly serious tone of the novel unacceptable ^[28] . “We started fooling around,” Harris recalled. - “And what if they get hungry, they call the diner, and the waiter in an apron comes to the command post and asks who needs a sandwich?” And everyone, of course, began to laugh ” ^[29] . After deciding to do a comedy, Kubrick invited Terry Southern to co-author the author of the satirical novel “The ” - a book that Peter Sellers presented to Kubrick ^{[30] [K 3]} . During work, Kubrick and George held brief consultations with Thomas Schelling, and later with Hermann Kahn ^[31] .

Among the working titles of the picture were “Doctor Doomsday or: How to Start World War III Without Even Trying”, as well as “Secrets of the use of uranium from Dr. Strangelove and miracle bomb ”( eng. Dr. Strangelove's Secret Uses of Uranus, and Wonderful Bomb) ^[32] . The resulting title parodies the title of Dale Carnegie's book ^[33] .

Filming

Production of the painting began in October 1962 ^[22] . The film was shot at in a suburb of London ^[34] , since Peter Sellers had a lengthy divorce process at the time, and at his insistence the film was shot in England ^[35] . Kubrick gladly agreed to this condition, since he did not want to make a film in the USA and believed that he could not find such a film base as in England ^[5] . The scenery occupied three main pavilions: the Pentagon War Room, the side of the B-52 Stratofortress bomber and Ripper’s office ^[30] , and the studio building was used to shoot the military base.

, the production director of several James Bond films, worked on the design of the War Room. ^{[K 4]} It turned out to be a huge room, in the spirit of expressionism ^[36] , (40 m long, 30 m wide, and the ceiling height was 11 m ^[7] ), which indicates a bomb shelter with a triangular shape (according to Kubrick, this type of bunker was most resistant to explosions). On one side of the room were giant strategic cards reflected in a shiny black floor, in the center - a round table with a diameter of 7 meters ^[22] , lit from above by lamps, resembling a poker table. Kubrick insisted on covering him with green cloth to enhance the “impression that they are playing” for the fate of the world ^[37] , but such a witty decision was hardly noticeable in a black and white film. Huge maps were drawn in the art department, enlarged to size 3 by 4 feet ^{[K 5]} , then enlarged by a photographic method, pasted onto plywood panels and laid on top of a plexiglass ^[22] . For the symbols in the plywood, on which the cards were pasted, holes were cut, and 75-watt floodlights with automatic circular switching were placed at the back ^[22] .

Due to the lack of cooperation on the part of the Pentagon in creating the film, the designers were forced, to the best of their ability, to reconstruct the inside of the bomber from aviation magazines ^[36] . Everything was reproduced so precisely that the Air Force feared that the filmmakers had obtained secret information about the bomber by resorting to espionage ^[36] . In some shots showing the flight of a bomber over the polar ice on the way to Russia (a model against the background of a previously shot video), a shadow from the B-17 aircraft, from which the background was taken, was visible in the snow ^[38] .

In the air refueling scene (at the very beginning of the film) you can see the Boeing KC-135A Stratotanker air tanker 55-3144 . On August 8, 1962, this plane crashed while landing at Hansky airbase ( Massachusetts ), while 3 people were killed ^[39] .

Filming ended on April 23, 1963 , however, the draft editing of the film confused the film crew ^[22] . As a result, with a budget of almost $ 2 million, most of the money was spent on installation, which Kubrick spent 8 months on ^[22] .

Dr. Strangelove and the Security System

During the filming, Kubrick learned that in parallel with his project, another film was shot with the same theme, but darker and more realistic - “ Security System ” by Sidney Lumet , so he feared for the box office, especially if his film would be released second. Kubrick was most concerned about the fact that the main roles in the film by Lumet, which had shot 12 Angry Men by then, were actors of the first magnitude - Henry Fonda as the President of the United States and Walter Mattau as his adviser, Professor Grottschila. The 1962 novel by and “ ,” according to which the film of the same name was shot, looked so much like the “Red Threat” that Peter George filed a lawsuit against the creators on charges of plagiarism However, the case was settled out of court ^[40] . In the end, the film "Security System" was released eight months later, "Strangelove", received positive reviews from critics, but did not bring the creators a lot of profit.

Movie Final

At the end of the film showing the outbreak of the nuclear war , documentary footage of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki , tests of the Trinity nuclear bomb , Operation Crossroads on Bikini Atoll , Operation Sandstone , Operation Redwing and Operation Ivy were used. In some frames, the warships used as targets are clearly visible, among them the heavy German cruiser Prince Eugen . The idea of ​​using the song “We'll Meet Again” for the frames of the apocalypse belongs to Peter Sellers friend Spike Milligan .

Original finale

Initially, the film ended with a scene in which everyone in the War Room had a battle with cakes, but after a preliminary screening, Kubrick cut out this fragment ^[5] . In an interview in 1969, he explained: “I decided that this is a farce that is not appropriate in comparison with the satirical character of the rest of the film” ^[35] . Alexander Walker noted that “there were so many cream pies in the air that the features of people blurred and it was not clear who was where” ^[9] . These frames are preserved in the archives of the British Film Institute ^[41] .

Kennedy Assassination Link

The first pre-premiere screening of the film was scheduled for November 22, 1963 - the day of the Kennedy assassination , the premiere itself - in December, but the release was postponed to the end of January 1964, because it was decided that the public would not be in the mood for such a film before. Also in the scene, when Major Kong checks the contents of the emergency supply, he initially said: “Damn, a guy with such equipment can have a good weekend in Dallas !”, But Dallas is the city in which President Kennedy was killed, so the scene was republished on Vegas ”, Although the original replica remains in some foreign versions of dubbing, for example, in French. Also, one of the possible reasons why the scene of the battle on the cakes was removed is the moment when Turjidson exclaims about the cake that got into the President: “Gentlemen! Our brave president was amazed in his prime! ”Editor Anthony Harvey argued that if the scene remained, Columbia Pictures would be horrified, considering it an insult to the US president and his family ^[42] .

In an interview with Playboy magazine in September 1968, Kubrick said: “Can you imagine what could happen in the midst of the Cuban missile crisis if some crazy waiter slipped LSD Kennedy into coffee or, on the other hand, Khrushchev into vodka? A terrible opportunity ” ^[43] .

“Dr. Strangelove” ridicules the most important position of the Cold War - mutual destruction ( Eng. Mutual assured destruction) ^[44] , which guarantees catastrophic consequences for both parties, regardless of who “won”. German strategist and physicist German Kahn, in his 1960 book On Thermonuclear War , used the theoretical example of the Doomsday Machine to illustrate the concept of mutual assured destruction ^[45] . In fact, Kahn argued that a kind of Doomsday Machine already existed on both sides, since the nuclear arsenals of the superpowers were able to destroy most of life on Earth. Kahn, who criticized the American containment concept of the 1950s, became one of the leading creators of the doctrine of mutual annihilation. Therefore, he stated that a nuclear war , because of the impossibility of defeating any of the parties in it, is suicidal, therefore, none of the superpowers is ready to participate in it. Kahn was known for his prudence and cynical approach, for example, in his willingness to compare how many human lives the United States could lose and what damage would be brought to the economy ^[46] . This position is reflected in Terjidson’s remark to the President on the results of a preemptive nuclear attack: “Mr. President, I am not saying that we would not get our hair dirty. But I’m not talking about more than ten to twenty million killed, depending on the circumstances. ”

Strangelove’s plan to take refuge in mines to restore humanity is a reference to the proposals of Nelson Rockefeller , Edward Teller , German Kahn and spend billions of dollars to build a nationwide network of underground shelters that could accommodate millions of people ^[47] . Such a network has similarities with the Swiss civil defense network, which is excellently developed for such a sparsely populated country where, by law, all new dwellings must be built with shelters from radioactive fallout ^{[48] [49]} . Military “security checks” and a folder labeled “mega-deaths” (a term coined by Kahn, which refers to the number of millions of people killed), which Turjidson presses to his chest are also allusions to Kahn ^[50] .

Entering into a polemic with the films “Doctor Strangelove”, “Security System” and their literary sources, raising the question of possible errors that could lead to disaster, the BBC made a documentary film SAC Command Post , demonstrating tight control over nuclear weapons ^[51] .

The film premiered on January 29, 1964 ^[52] . Strangelove led the American box office for 17 consecutive weeks and sparked heated discussions among journalists and intellectuals ^[53] . Pauline Cale claimed that the film "opened a new era in cinema," "making fun of everything and everything" and "hiding its liberal orientation." She considered the film dangerous, since it “does not explain how to take control of the situation” ^[54] . Later, Charles Maland and indicated that the film was most successful in megacities and university cities, becoming a kind of harbinger of student performances in the late 1960s ^[55] .

Soviet film expert Yuri Hanyutin wrote about the picture of Kubrick: “The film is a satire on the Pentagon, on the army, military and civilian leadership. The image of stupidity, swagger, stubbornness, madness and hindsight that leads humanity to death ”, nevertheless adding:“ I must say that ... Kubrick could not avoid pinpricks against Soviet leaders and Soviet politics, he changed his anti-imperialist position ” ^{[56 ]} .

The picture is regularly included in all kinds of lists of the best comedies in the history of cinema. In 2000, readers of the British magazine put the film in 24th place on the list of the greatest comedy films of all time. On Rotten Tomatoes , based on 60 reviews, Strangelove received 100% freshness ^[57] , and on the Metacritic website it has an average score of 96 ^[58] . Empire magazine also placed the film in 26th place on the list of the greatest films of all time. Roger Ebert included the picture on his list of Great Films ^[59] , saying that "perhaps this is the best political satire of the century." In 2012, when surveyed by Sight & Sound magazine, Strangelove ranked 117th on the list of critics and 107th on the list of directors ^[60] .

Через год после выхода фильма на экраны американский писатель-фантаст Филип Дик написал роман « », сюжет и название которого были навеяны лентой Кубрика: безрадостный мир 1970-х годов , живущий после ядерной войны. По мнению некоторых ветеранов Стратегического авиационного командования США , именно «Стрейнджлав» наиболее точно отражает реалии этой организации ^[61] . В мультсериале « Симпсоны » есть множество отсылок к фильму, а именно в эпизодах: Homer the Vigilante , Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming ^[62] , Treehouse of Horror VIII , Wild Barts Can't Be Broken , название фильма пародируется в эпизоде $pringfield (Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling) ^[63] . Кроме того, название фильма обыгрывается в названии группы исследователей информационной безопасности SCADA StrangeLove ^[64] .

Список наград и номинаций приведён в соответствии с данными IMDb ^[65] .

• « Как я выиграл войну »
• « Месье Верду »
• « Нити »
• Система «Периметр»
• Операция «Скрепка»
• « Интервью » — фильм о покушении на Ким Чен Ына

Comments

Sources

• Нэрмор, Джеймс. Кубрик / Джеймс Нэрмор; per. from English Е. Микериной. — М. : Rosebud Publishing, 2012. — 400 с. — ISBN 978-5-905712-01-2 .

• Сиков, Эд. Mr Strangelove; A Biography of Peter Sellers / Эд Сиков. — Лондон: Sidgwick & Jackson, 2002. — ISBN 978-0-283-07297-0 .

• Лобрутто, Винсент. Stanley Kubrick: A Biography / Винсент Лобрутто. — Нью-Йорк: Da Capo Press, 1999. — ISBN 978-0-306-80906-4 .

• Rollins, Peter C. Hollywood as historians: American film in a cultural context. — University Press of Kentucky, 1998. — 288 с. — ISBN 0813127912 , 9780813127910.

• Kubrickfilms
• Checkup with Dr. Strangelove by Terry Southern
• Don't Panic covers Dr. Strangelove
• " Доктор Стрейнджлав, или Как я перестал бояться и полюбил бомбу» (англ.) на сайте Internet Movie Database  
• Continuity transcript
• Commentary on Dr. Strangelove by Brian Siano
• Last Secrets of Strangelove Revealed by Grant B. Stillman
• Study Guide by Dan Lindley. See also: longer version
• Annotated bibliography on Dr. Strangelove from the Alsos Digital Library
• Dave Kaufman. Review (англ.) // Variety . — 21 января 1964.
• Bosley Crowther . Kubrick Film Presents Sellers in 3 Roles (англ.) // The New York Times . — 30 января 1964.
• Loudon Wainwright, Jr. The Strange Case of Strangelove (англ.) // Life . — 13 марта 1964. — Vol. 56, no. 11 . — P. 15.
• Roger Ebert . Review (англ.) // Chicago Sun-TImes . — 28 октября 1994.