The coat of arms of Hungary is a dissected shield ; the heraldically right (left viewer) part of the shield is seven times crossed into scarlet and silver ; on the left side of the shield in a scarlet field there is a silver patriarchal cross , cinquefoil at the ends, set on a golden crown crowning a green mountain with three peaks. The shield is crowned with the crown of St. Stephen .
| Coat of arms of Hungary | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Details | |
| Approved by | July 3, 1990 [1] |
| Crown | Crown of St. Stephen |
Content
Coat of Arms History
The most common animalistic motifs of heraldry of the 9th and early 10th centuries, such as the griffin, wolf, etc., are quite rare figures of Hungarian late iconography and heraldic symbolism. However, the hawk or turul ( Hungarian. Turul ), which according to shamanistic concepts rested on the tree of life, connecting the earth, the underworld and heaven, has survived longer as attributes of the ruling Hungarian house [2] .
| Arpad Stripes Stripes Arpadov the name of the heraldic and vexillological combination, so named for the ruling Hungarian Arpad dynasty , which reigned con. IX century to 1301 . Since the beginning of the 13th century, the “Arpad stripes” have been in constant use in Hungarian heraldry, in particular, on state emblems. Currently, they can be seen on the right side (left for the beholder) of the current coat of arms of Hungary. | ||
| Double cross (not earlier than 1000/1001 years) Another ancient element of the Hungarian coat of arms is a double cross. For a long time it was believed that it was given by Pope Sylvester II St. Istvan , who ruled Hungary since 997 as a prince, and crowned legate of Pope Sylvester II Astrik on Christmas 1000 (or 1001 ). Istvan I was given the title of Apostolic King of Hungary, which gave the king, who ruled until 1038, both secular and spiritual authority in 10 dioceses, as well as the right to freely spread the faith and autonomous administration of the church in Hungary, and allowed the country to maintain real independence from dad. Reliable images of the coat of arms of that time did not survive. | King of st. Istvan I (1001-1038). Chronicon Pictum , 1360. [3] | |
| Coat of arms of King St. Laszlo (1077-1095) On the left is an approximate coat of arms of King St. Laszlo (1077-1095), restored according to the Ingeram Code of 1459 (on the right). | Coat of arms of King St. Laszlo (1077-1095), Ingeram Codex, 1459. | |
| Coat of arms of Bela III (1172–1196) One of the most common theories is the origin of the double Hungarian cross, thanks to the Byzantine influence, since it appeared around 1190 during the reign of King Bela III , who was raised at the Byzantine court. At this time, the image of the cross appeared on the arms and coins of that era. Hungarian and Slovak heraldists (since the same symbol is used in the coat of arms of Slovakia) object to the theory that the double cross originates from Saints Cyril and Methodius | ||
| Coat of arms of Imre I (1196-1204) The use of Arpadov bands on the Hungarian coat of arms in 1202, on the seal of King Imre I, was first documented. There was no double cross on this seal, only stripes on which there were nine lions in white stripes. | Seal of King Imre I (1196-1204) [4] | |
| Coat of arms of Laszlo III (1204-1205) On the coat of arms of Laszlo III , son of Imre I, there were already only seven lions, facing each other. However, this emblem was used only for a short time. | King Laszlo III (1204-1205) on the throne. | |
| Coat of arms of Andras II (1205–1235) On the gold seal of the next king, Andras II, there were also seven lions facing each other, but linden leaves were depicted in the center of each pair of lions. | ||
| Coat of arms of Bela IV (1235–1270) King Bela IV again began to use the coat of arms with a double cross. This image we see on his royal seal. | Seal of King Bela IV (1235-1270) [4] | |
| Coat of arms of Istvan V (1246-1272) Bela's son, Istvan V , who was his co-ruler, the youngest king of Hungary, until his father died, used a slightly modified version of his father's coat of arms on his seal. | Seal of King Stephen V (1246-1272). [five] | |
| Coat of arms of Laszlo IV Kuna (1272–1290) The successor of Istvan V Laszlo IV Kun also used the double cross motif on his seal. | Seal of King Laszlo IV Kun [6] | |
| Coat of arms of Andras III (1290–1301) King Andras III continued to use the coat of arms with a double cross, again modifying it. Andras III became the last king of the Arpad dynasty. | Seal of King Andras III [7] | |
King Laszlo V Czech on a throne under the arms of Arpadov . Chronica Hungarorum Johann Turoshcha , 1488 [8] Coat of arms of Laszlo V Cech (1301-1305) The next Hungarian king was the representative of the Czech Przemyslovich dynasty, King Wenceslas III , known in Hungary under the name Laszlo V Czech. Despite this, a number of engravings and miniatures show that he is depicted on a throne under a coat of arms with stripes of Arpadov. However, the personal seal of King Laszlo V with a slightly modified double (patriarchal) cross on a green three-piece is also known. | Seal of King Laszlo V Cech [9] | |
King Bela V on the throne with the arms of Arpadov . Chronica Hungarorum Johann Turoshcha , 1488 [8] Coat of arms of Bela V (1305-1307) Wenceslas III on the Hungarian throne under the name of Bela V was replaced for a couple of years by Otton III , duke of Lower Bavaria from the Wittelsbach dynasty . However, he is often depicted in miniatures with the arms of Arpadov. The seal of Bela V with a traditional Hungarian double cross with minimal changes from its predecessor is also known. | Seal of King Bela V [10] | |
| Coat of arms of Anjou Sicilian house (1310–1342) Representatives of the Anjou dynasty came to power after the suppression of the Arpad dynasty on the Hungarian throne. To emphasize their legitimacy and continuity, they attached red and white stripes to the arms of Arpadov to their family coat of arms with lilies. | ||
| Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hungary (1342-1780) Already with the beginning of the reign of Louis I (1342–1382), a white cross on a green hill returned to the right side of the coat of arms. During the reign of Ulaslo I (1440-1444), a crown appeared from the Jagiellonian clan over the coat of arms. At first it was an ordinary diadem, and since 1464 it has been repeating the Holy Crown of Hungary with the seal of Matvey Corvin . The final coat of arms was installed during the reign of King Matthias II of Habsburg at the beginning of the XVII century. Its use became regular during the reign of Queen Maria Theresa . | ||
| Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hungary (1780-1848) Subsequently, the coat of arms of Hungary becomes more and more complex. It included the coats of arms of the territories that were part of the lands of the Crown of St. Stephen: Croatia, Dalmatia, Slavonia and Bosnia, but the so-called "small coat of arms" always remained in its central part. The specified emblem with some changes was used from the conclusion of the Austro-Hungarian agreement of 1867 until the end of the First World War ( 1918 ). The “external” emblems on this shield (counterclockwise from the upper left) are the emblems of Dalmatia, Slavonia, Bosnia (added in 1915 ), Fiume, Transylvania and Croatia. When Hungary became part of the Habsburg empire, this coat of arms became part of the imperial coat of arms, but under Joseph II , who was not even crowned with the crown of St. Stephen, was expelled from it. | ||
| Coat of arms of the period of the Hungarian revolution (1848–1849) During the Hungarian revolution , which temporarily led to the fall of the monarchy, on April 14, 1849, the coat of arms changed form, and also lost the Holy Crown. The rest is a new coat of arms (the “coat of arms of Kossuth” is in honor of Lajos Kossuth , the then president of Hungary). In the "large coat of arms" the crown was replaced by a laurel wreath both in the central part and above the shield. After the suppression of the revolution and the conclusion of the Austro-Hungarian agreement in 1867, the Hungarian coat of arms, the central part of the coat of arms became included in the single coat of arms of Austria-Hungary. | ||
| Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hungary | ||
| Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of Austria-Hungary | ||
| Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of Austria-Hungary | ||
| Coat of arms of Hungary from 1944 to 1945 From October 16, 1944 to May 8, 1945, Hungary was under the direct control of Germany. A variant of the coat of arms, used from January 27 to May 8, 1945 , was a modified emblem of the " Party of Crossed Arrows " (arrow-shaped cross and the Latin letter H , which is the first letter of the word Hungaria - Latin. Hungary ), with the small coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hungary superimposed on it. This version of the coat of arms was depicted on the State Seal of Hungary. [eleven] | ||
| Coat of arms of Hungary from 1946 to 1949 (Coat of arms of Kossuth) In fact, the coat of arms of Kossuth differs from the modern coat of arms of Hungary only in the absence of a crown and the shape of a shield (Polish shield). | ||
| Coat of arms of the Hungarian People's Republic from 1949 to 1957 | ||
| Coat of arms of the Hungarian People's Republic from 1957 to 1989 (author S. Legradi ) |
Notes
- ↑ 1990. évi XLIV. törvény a Magyar Köztársaság Alkotmányának módosításáról (Hungarian)
- ↑ Martyn C. Rady, “Nobility, land and service in medieval Hungary,” Palgrave Macmillan, 2000, p . 12
- ↑ Chronicon Pictum , 1360 (lat.) , See KÖNYV-E.HU Elektronikus Könyvtár (Hungarian) Archived July 21, 2011 on the Wayback Machine
- ↑ 1 2 SZILÁGYI: A magyar nemzet története I. Fejezet. IV. Béla király és az urak Magyar Electronicus Könyvtár (Hungarian Electronic Library) (Hungarian) , (English)
- ↑ Magyar Electronicus Könyvtár (Hungarian Electronic Library) (Hungarian) , (English)
- ↑ Magyar Electronicus Könyvtár (Hungarian Electronic Library) (Hungarian) , (English)
- ↑ Magyar Electronicus Könyvtár (Hungarian Electronic Library) (Hungarian) , (English)
- ↑ 1 2 Chronica Hungarorum by Johannes de Thurocz, 1488 Brno, Augusburg [1] (unavailable link) (lat.)
- ↑ Magyar Electronicus Könyvtár (Hungarian Electronic Library) (Hungarian) , (English)
- ↑ Magyar Electronicus Könyvtár (Hungarian Electronic Library) (Hungarian) , (English)
- ↑ Hungary under Direct German Control (1944-1945 )
Links
- A Magyar Köztársaság címere (Hungarian)
- A magyar címer története (Hungarian)
- Magyar Nemzeti Lap (Hungarian)
- Coat of arms of Hungary (inaccessible link)
- State symbols of Hungary
- Facts about Hungary. National symbols, national holidays. Edition of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Hungary. 2003
See also
- Flag of hungary
- Coat of arms of Slovakia