Precancerous diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are considered diseases that can contribute to the oncological degeneration of organ tissues. For such a transformation, a number of conditions are necessary. This is, first of all, the long existence of such a disease, the lack of adequate therapy (treatment), a hereditary predisposition.
Esophagitis of any etiology ( reflux esophagitis , erosive, etc.), polyps, Barrett's esophagus is a precancerous disease of the esophagus . Precancerous diseases of the stomach are polyps, peptic ulcer , severe atrophic gastritis , duodenogastric reflux , and erosion of the stomach .
Oncological formations are extremely rare in the duodenum . Most of them spread from the Vater's nipple (the site of the confluence of the common bile duct into the duodenum). In the intestine, pre-cancerous diseases are Crohn’s disease , ulcerative colitis , diffuse familial polyposis , polyps, and villous tumors.
Prevention of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract is the timely detection and treatment of the above pathology.
The main methods for detecting precancerous diseases of the esophagus and stomach are esophagogastroduodenoscopy , fluoroscopy , pH meter and the so-called gastropanel (a laboratory method for assessing gastric secretion).
Irrigoscopy (X-ray examination) and endoscopic methods ( sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy ) are most effective for detecting precancerous intestinal diseases.