Dare

Located on the left bank of the Tyasmin River ^[2] .

In various parts of the city and near it are ancient mounds. Two significant ancient sites and 44 mounds were first investigated in 1879-1883 by A. A. Bobrinsky . These finds date from partly belonging to the Stone Age, partly to the Bronze Age.

Reliable information about the emergence of Smela appears in the 16th century in the documents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: in the place of a farm in 1542, the settlement of Yatskovo-Tyasmino appeared. In the 1650s, the modern name of the settlement appeared - Smela. A settlement with this name is also indicated on the map of the French engineer Boplan .

The town of Smela arose in 1633 with the assistance of the tycoon Stanislav Konetspolsky . A legend is connected with the name of the city, which was recorded by Count L. A. Bobrinsky: “Some girl led the soldiers through an inaccessible swamp to the rear of the enemy. They defeated the darkness and darkness of the enemies in a bloody battle, but they did not save the girl. Warriors buried the heroine over Tyasmin and named her Bold and the town of Tyasmin in her honor was called Bold. ” Since 1648, Smela - the 100th town belonged to the Chigirinsky regiment. In 1654, Pereyaslavl Colonel Pavel Teterya requested a letter of courage from the Tsar in Moscow, and in 1658-1659 its owner was Colonel Daniil Vygovsky .

According to the Slobodischensky treatise of 1660, the authority of the Commonwealth was restored on these lands and the Smela was returned to the ownership of the Konetspolsky . The constant battles, the arbitrariness of the Poles, the raids of the Tatars and Turks led to ruin, many residents of Smela were forced to leave their native land, go to the Left Bank. In 1773, Smela acquired Magdeburg Law .

In 1768, the Saymele was attacked and captured by the Haidamaks, who killed the Poles and Jews who lived here ^[3] .

After the second division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1793, Smela retreated to the Russian Empire and became the locality of Cherkasy district of the Kiev province ^[3] .

In the 1830s, its industrial development began. An important role in the development of the city was played by Count A. A. Bobrinsky , who founded here a sugar factory in 1838 and a mechanical factory in 1840 .

The development of the city accelerated after the construction in 1876 through the Smela of the Fastov - Znamenka line of the Fastovskaya railway ^[3] .

In 1909, the Bobrinsky’s efforts founded two gymnasiums (male and female), now in one of these buildings is located a gymnasium named after V.T. Senator , and in another building - a lyceum

During the Great Patriotic War on August 4, 1941, the city was occupied by German troops ^{[4] [5]} , on January 29, 1944 - it was liberated by the troops of the 373rd regiment of the 78th sk 52nd army of the 2nd Ukrainian front during the Korsun-Shevchenkovskaya operations : ^[4]

Troops that broke through the enemy’s defenses and participated in the liberation of Smela and other cities were declared gratitude by order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin of February 3, 1944, and 20 salvos of 224 guns were saluted in Moscow . ^{[4] [6]}

In 1975, the population was 59 thousand people, there was a machine-building factory, an electromechanical repair factory, a sugar factory, a brewery; dairy cannery, garment factory, furniture factory, railway maintenance enterprises transport, technical school of food industry and museum of local lore ^[2] .

In January 1989, the population was79,449 people ^[7] .

In May 1995, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved a decision on the privatization of the ATP- 17128, ATP-17161, construction and assembly departments ^[8] , machine-building plant, district agricultural chemistry ^[9] located in the city, and in July 1995 a decision was approved on the privatization of the Metallist plant ”And a bakery ^[10] .

In 1997, by decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the number of educational institutions was reduced: vocational schools No. 4, 5, and 12 were combined into a center for training and retraining of workers ^[11] .

As of January 1, 2013, the population was 68,636 people ^[12] .

In 2015, the citric acid plant was closed and it began to be dismantled for scrap ^[13] .

Due to the presence of debt to the private company Smela Energoinvest LLC, the heating season of 2017/2018 in the city began very late on November 16-17, 2017 and was completed ahead of schedule on February 1, 2018 ^[14] ; the heating season of 2018/2019 did not start, and therefore a state of emergency was declared in the city on November 12, 2018 ^[15] .

In April 2019, a sugar factory was declared bankrupt ^[16] .

Most of Smela's industry is focused on mechanical engineering , but the food industry is also important. Smelyansk Electromechanical Plant repairs electric machines ( traction engines , generators, auxiliary electric machines of locomotives) for the needs of railway transport .

Smela railway station ^[2] is located on the Pomoshnaya - Grebenka line , the second station in Smela is the nodal station to them. Tarasa Shevchenko , connecting the city with many regions of Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic States and the Russian Federation.

Through the city pass roads Kiev - Znamenka and Zolotonosha - Uman.

Natives

Efim Andreevich Voinshin ( 1920 - 1982 ) - senior sergeant of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army , participant in the Great Patriotic and Soviet-Japanese Wars, Hero of the Soviet Union (1945).

• Proskura, Georgy Fedorovich (1876-1958) - Soviet scientist, specialist in the field of hydraulic engineering and hydroaerodynamics, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (1929), honored worker of science and technology of the Ukrainian SSR (1944)
• Borodin, Nikolai Ivanovich (1906—?) - Soviet military leader, colonel (1943).
• Voskoboinik, Konstantin Pavlovich - the first ruler of the Lokot state.
• Grusheva, Konstantin Stepanovich (1906-1982) - Soviet military commander, colonel general, friend of Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev.
• Karpov, Valery Viktorovich (born 1984) - Ukrainian athlete and trainer (powerlifting).
• Kovpak, Alexander Alexandrovich (born 1983) is a Ukrainian footballer who is a striker of the Vorskla football club.
• Kozlov, Alexander Andreevich (1880-1940) - one of the main architects of the old Yekaterinodar and Salsk; student F.O. Shekhtel.
• Matushevsky, Fedor Pavlovich (1869-1919) - public figure, publicist, literary critic, critic.
• Medinsky, Vladimir Rostislavovich (born 1970) - Russian statesman and politician, publicist and writer. Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation since May 21, 2012 .
• Senator, Vasily Trofimovich (1921-1944) - Soviet military pilot, participant in the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union (1943).
• (1907-2003) - Polish actor.
• Shlifer, Shloime Michelevich (1889-1957) - chief rabbi of Moscow since 1943.
• Stern, Grigory Mikhailovich (1900-1941) - a famous Soviet military leader.

Residents

• Velichko, Maxim Konstantinovich (1922-1997) - Hero of Socialist Labor and the full Knight of the Order of Glory.
• Lubomirsky, Frantisek Xavier (1747-1819) - the head of the Polish Lubomirsky clan, the headman of Setsekhovsky, general of the Russian army.

•   Newton , USA
•   Rzhev , Russia
•   Danilov , Russia
•   Kendzezhin-Kozle , Poland
•   Vatutino , Ukraine
•   Kovel , Ukraine
•   Jonava , Lithuania (since 2012)
•   Orhei , Moldova

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  Assumption Church

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  Pokrovsky Cathedral

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  Museum of Local Lore

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  Former Gymnasium

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  Gyeongza House

• Dare on the website of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
• Official website of the city (Ukrainian)
• Smela // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.