Massimo d'Alema ( Italian: Massimo D'Alema , born April 20 , 1949 , Rome , Italy [1] ) - Italian politician , former 77th President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1998-2000), former Minister of Foreign Affairs in the second government Romano Prodi (2006-2008), a well-known journalist, led the national secretariat of the Democratic Party of the Left Forces ( Italian: Partito democratico della Sinistra ), was the head of the Left Democrats , is the first head of the Italian government, a member of the Italian Communist Party . In 2007 he joined the Democratic Party , since 2017 he has been a member of the Democratic and Progressive Movement.
| Massimo d'Alema | |||||||
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| Massimo d'alema | |||||||
 Massimo d'Alema | |||||||
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| Predecessor | Romano Prodi | ||||||
| Successor | Giuliano Amato | ||||||
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| Head of the government | Romano Prodi | ||||||
| Predecessor | Gianfranco Fini | ||||||
| Successor | Franco Frattini | ||||||
| Birth | April 20, 1949 (70 years old) Rome , Italy | ||||||
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| Spouse | Linda Juva | ||||||
| Children | daughter: Julia son: Francesco | ||||||
| The consignment | Democratic Party (since 2017) | ||||||
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Content
Biography
Born in the family of a functionary of the Communist Party, MP (1917-1994) and Fabiola Modesti (1928-2008), also a convinced communist. When Massimo was only 9 years old, his parents brought him to the party congress, where he, in the presence of Palmiro Togliatti , read out a greeting from the podium on behalf of the pioneers . In 1968 he joined the IKP , began a political career in Pisa , where he studied at the philosophy department of the Higher Normal School , but did not graduate from it. In 1968, he was in Prague during the period when the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries were deployed (in protest he drew a swastika on tanks with chalk), participated in student unrest in Italy in 1968 . In 1975, he was elected national secretary of the Italian Communist Youth Federation, in 1983 he headed the regional communist federation in Puglia , and in 1986 joined the national secretariat of the Communist Party. In 1988-1990 he was the editor of the newspaper " Unita ", the official body of the IKP. From 1987 to 2013, he was invariably a member of the Chamber of Deputies [2] .
Reorganization of the Communist Party
On February 2, 1991, during the last, 20th congress of the IKP, Akille Okketto, with the support of and sought a vote demanding the immediate withdrawal of Italian troops from the Persian Gulf , where at that time the fighting of the international coalition against Iraq , occupying Kuwait . The adoption of this decision was opposed by supporters of the so-called trend of "improvementism" ( migliorismo ) led by Giorgio Napolitano . It was D'Alema who announced the official outcome of the discussion in the party leadership: to abstain from voting on this issue. The next day, February 3, D'Alema, together with the majority of delegates to the congress, voted for the dissolution of the Communist Party and its reorganization into the Democratic Party of the Left Forces. According to article 32 of the charter of the newborn party, the election of the first secretary required an absolute majority of those who had the right to vote, but did not take part in the vote. Therefore, when on February 4 only 415 of the 547 National Council members took part in the election of the party leader, and 264 of them supported Akilla Okketto's candidacy, he still did not have 10 votes to win. On February 8, a second round of voting took place, and Okketto received 376 votes (72%). The main "behind the scenes" organizer of this achievement, many considered the "second issue" of the party - D'Alem. On the same day, he joined the commission created by Okketto’s proposal to prepare lists of candidates for the executive bodies of the DPS [3] .
D'Alema still remained a deputy, being elected successively as party reorganizations were made according to the lists of the Democratic Party of the Left Forces, Left Democrats and the Democratic Party. In 1992-1994, he led the DPSL faction in the Chamber of Deputies. In July 1994, he was elected national secretary of the DPSL, defeating a strong competitor, Walter Veltroni , and led the parliamentary opposition to the first Berlusconi government [4] .
Italian Prime Minister
In 1998, as the leader of the Olive Tree coalition, he succeeded Romano Prodi as Italian Prime Minister. After the Communist Renaissance Party left the coalition, on October 9, 1998, the Prodi government received a vote of no confidence in Parliament, and on October 21, the first government of D'Alem began to exercise its powers. One of his most important decisions in foreign policy was the support of the NATO military operation against Yugoslavia [5] . On June 13, 1999, elections to the European Parliament took place and at the same time local elections, which won the party Berlusconi Forward, Italy . Bonino's list and the new Democrats showed good results, while D'Alema Left Democrats failed. On September 24, Giulio Andreotti was acquitted by a court in the murder of journalist . On October 11, 1999, the so-called “ Mitrokhin archive” was published with materials on the activities of Soviet intelligence in Italy; on October 23, a Palermo court dropped charges against Andreotti of having links with the mafia. On December 18, 1999, D'Alema resigned, and on December 22, 1999, his second government began work. [6] On April 17, 2000, the center-left were again defeated in the elections, this time regional, and under the weight of political responsibility, D'Alema decided to resign - on April 25, he transferred power to the second Amato government [7] .
21st Century Politician
From May 17, 2006 to May 8, 2008, D'Alema was Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Italy in the second government of Prodi [8] .
January 26, 2010 D'Alema was unanimously elected Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee on Security of the Republic ( Copasir ) [9] . In February 2013, parliamentary elections were held in which D'Alema did not take part and thereby lost all parliamentary posts.
On February 25, 2017, he supported the establishment of the Articolo 1 movement - Movimento Democratico e Progressista (“Article 1 - Democratic and Progressive Movement”), which was led by Roberto Sperantza and Tuscany Governor (he was also joined by former Democratic Party leader Pierre Luigi Bersani ) The stated goal of the association was to implement the left alternative to the political course of Matteo Renzi [10] .
On March 4, 2018, in the next election , he suffered a crushing defeat in his old constituency Nardo - he was elected to the Senate from the new left-wing coalition, Free and Equal, but received only 3.9% of the vote, remaining in fourth place [11] .
Use of the image in culture
In April 2017, it became known about the start of the demonstration on the TV channel of the 1993 series (scheduled for about the Clean Hands operation ) scheduled for May 16 this year. In the role of D'Alema, [12] .
Rewards
- Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor ( France , 2001 ) [13]
Notes
- ↑ Massimo D'Alema . - biografia. Date of treatment November 6, 2008. Archived March 4, 2012.
- ↑ Giorgio Dell'Arti, Simone Furfaro. Massimo D'Alema (Italian) . Cinquantamila giorni . Corriere della Sera (29 dicembre 2013). Date of treatment January 19, 2016.
- ↑ Cronologia dalla svolta della Bolognina (Italian) . Cinquantamila giorni . Corriere della Sera. Date of treatment January 19, 2016.
- ↑ Claudio Novelli. D'ALEMA, Massimo (Italian) . Enciclopedia Italiana - VI Appendice . Treccani (2000). Date of treatment January 19, 2016.
- ↑ Giovanni Acocella. Senza fiato. Cavalcata di mezzo secolo nell'Italia repubblicana . - Guida Editori, 2013 .-- P. 77-78.
- ↑ Da Ocalan al Kosovo: i 500 giorni di D'Alema (Italian) . la Repubblica (19 aprile 2000). Date of treatment January 23, 2016.
- ↑ Riccardo Barlaam. Spread e crisi politiche, la storia dal 2000 a oggi (Italian) . Governo D'Alema II (24 aprile 2000) . il Sole 24 Ore (19 aprile 2000). Date of treatment January 23, 2016.
- ↑ Massimo D'Alema (Italian) . Autori . il Sussidiario. Date of treatment January 23, 2016.
- ↑ D'Alema presidente del Copasir (Italian) . Corriere della Sera. Date of treatment January 23, 2016.
- ↑ Francesca Schianchi. Nasce “Articolo 1 - Democratici e progressisti”: “Non ci facciamo mettere sulla ridotta” (Italian) . la Stampa (25 febbraio 2017). Date of treatment November 24, 2017.
- ↑ Miriam Massone. Vincitori e vinti tra i big negli uninominali: D'Alema ultimo in Puglia, passa la Boschi (Italian) (unavailable link) . la Stampa (5 marzo 2018). Date of treatment March 5, 2018. Archived March 5, 2018.
- ↑ Chiara Maffioletti. "1993", l'anno dopo Tangentopoli. Ecco i personaggi del sequel di "1992" (Italian) . Massimo D'Alema . Corriere della Sera (5 aprile 2017). Date of treatment April 5, 2017.
- ↑ A D'Alema la Legion d'onore Sa rispettare gli avversari (Italian)
Links
- Massimo D'Alema (Italian) . - Personal site. Date of treatment November 6, 2008. Archived February 4, 2012.
- Massimo d'Alema (Italian) . Gruppi parlamentari . Camera dei Deputati (Portale storico). Date of treatment January 23, 2016.
- Massimo d'Alema (Italian) . Incarichi di governo . Camera dei Deputati (Portale storico). Date of treatment January 23, 2016.
- D'Alèma, Massimo (Italian) . Enciclopedie on line . Treccani Date of treatment January 19, 2016.
- Massimo D'Alema. Machiavelli in salsa liberal (Italian) . biografieonline.it. Date of treatment January 19, 2016.