Krasnoturinsk

Transformed into a city in 1944 from the village of Turyinsky mines (Turyinsky town since 1928).

A. S. Popov , inventor of radio , was born at the Turyinsky mines.

It is located on the eastern slope of the Northern Urals, on the Turia River, 3 km from the Vorontsovka railway station, 425 km north of Yekaterinburg .

On October 6, 1758, the construction of the first copper mine , Vasilyevsky, began on the banks of the Turya River. The owner of the mine was Verkhotursky merchant Maxim Pokhodyashin . In addition to Vasilyevsky, soon the construction of other mines belonging to the merchant began: Nikolaevsky, Pershinsky, Sukhodoysky, Frolovsky. Together, these mines, as well as the mining village formed on their basis, were called “Turyinsky mines”.

Since 1800, iron ore deposits have been developed in the region, and gold mining has begun since 1823 (the Turin mines had one of the richest placer groups). In 1833, a narrow-gauge railway was built , connecting the mine with the Theological Plant (now the city of Karpinsk ). In 1886, the second narrow-gauge line connected it with the village of Filkino on the river. Sosva. Later, during the construction of the steel rail plant, it was connected to a site on the territory of the plant, which later became a station. From the village formed during the construction near the plant, the foundation was laid for the city called Nadezhdinsky (now the city of Serov ).

During the Civil War , a copper smelter in Bogoslovsk was destroyed, and copper mines were flooded. Their restoration and reconstruction began in 1930. In 1934, Frolovsky, and later Bashmakovsky, Bogoslovsky, Nikitsky and Vasilievsky mines began to work. In the 1930s, deposits of refractory clay were discovered.

In 1931, a bauxite deposit was discovered. On November 27, 1940, Glavaluminiy approved the site for the construction of a plant near the village of Turinsky mines and was given the name Bogoslovsky Aluminum Plant (BAZ). Equipment dismantled at the Tikhvin alumina, Volkhov and Dnepropetrovsk aluminum plants was evacuated here in the first months of the war . The first aluminum theological factory gave May 9, 1945.

On November 27, 1944, the village of Turyinsky mines was transformed into a city of regional subordination, which was given the name Krasnoturinsk.

In fact, Krasnoturinsk and the BAZ were created by the hands of prisoners of the Theologian - the correctional institution of the NKVD . The prisoners were dispossessed peasants and ethnic Germans of the Volga region , mobilized during the war into the labor army . The mortality rate at the construction site was huge: of the fifteen thousand German labor soldiers, according to the most minimal estimates, about 20% died ^[3] . In the city on the banks of the Krasnoturyinsky reservoir, a monument to ethnic Germans killed in the construction was erected.

On February 1, 1963, the Council of Workers 'Deputies of the city of Krasnoturinsk was subordinated to the Sverdlovsk Regional Council of Workers' Deputies ^[4] .

The name of the city appeared after numerous disputes. The neighboring cities (Serov, Karpinsk ) have already been renamed in honor of the famous compatriots who were born in the Turyinsky mines. The Turin mines were proposed to be named after the inventor of Radio Popovsky, but during the years of Soviet atheism the name aroused concern among the local city committee of the CPSU . The option to leave the previous name “Turinsky mines” was rejected. As a result, the popular adjective “red” was added to the name of the Turya river, flowing within the city limits. Today, the “red” part in the name of the city is interpreted as meaning “beautiful city” and has lost its former “revolutionary” meaning.

The city is located in the bend of the Turia River. The distance to Yekaterinburg is 370 km, to Moscow - 2079 km ^[5] . 9 km to the west of Krasnoturinsk is the city of Karpinsk , to the north of the city are the cities of Volchansk , Severouralsk , Ivdel . At 14 km from the border of the municipality "city of Krasnoturinsk" in the southeast is the city of Serov .

Nature and climate

The climate is continental . Winters are long, with heavy snows. The duration of sustainable snow cover is 187 days. Spring comes relatively early - in early April. However, often until mid-May there is cool weather, snow falls. In early September, freezing begins. In 1995, frosts were recorded in early August. Winter comes around the end of October.

The nature is typical for the Middle and Northern Urals. In the taiga, mainly conifers - pine , spruce , fir , larch . Of deciduous species, aspen , birch , and mountain ash are common. City streets are planted with linden , mountain ash, birch, and poplar . From mid-May to the end of June, “ white nights ” are observed in the Krasnoturinsk region.

A mountain shield located in the west protects the city from strong northwest winds. The prevailing winds are west and northwest. The maximum wind power is reached in March, April, December.

In summer, temperatures are rarely above +30 ° C, in winter below −40 ° C ^[6] . The depth of soil freezing is 2 m .

Environmental Situation

The largest environmental pollutants are the main industrial enterprises: the Bogoslovsky Aluminum Plant (emissions of fluorine compounds), Bogoslovskaya CHPP ( sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide) and motor vehicles ( benzopyrene ) ^[7] .

In terms of harmful emissions into the environment, Krasnoturinsk is a dysfunctional territory. The climatic conditions here are more severe than in other parts of the region, therefore, a longer period of self-healing of plant and animal communities from the harmful effects of pollution is required.

The size of man-made disruptions is significant: flotation waste from the Turyinsky copper mine, dragee landscape disruptions after mining placer deposits of gold and platinum in the channels of the Turya and Sosva rivers and their tributaries. The total area of ​​disturbed lands is 1742 hectares ...

Administrative device

The municipality "City of Krasnoturinsk" includes the following settlements : the city of Krasnoturinsk, the village of Coastal, the village of Vorontsovka, the village of Shikhan, the village of Rudnichny , the village of Chernorechensk. The center of the municipality is the city of Krasnoturinsk.

Time Zone

As of January 1, 2019, the city was in 297th place out of 1,115 ^[26] cities of the Russian Federation in terms of population ^[27] .

National composition

Russians , Ukrainians , Belarusians together comprise about 80% of the townspeople, Bashkirs , Chuvashs and Tatars - 10%, and another 10% - Germans .

Administration is an executive body of local self-government. In the administration: 4 departments, 6 committees and 7 departments. The head of the executive authority of Krasnoturinsk is the head of the municipality ( mayor of the city). In 2013, A. Yu. Ustinov was elected to this post.

The representative body of city government and the legislative branch is the City Council. It consists of 21 deputies elected by the city population in municipal elections for a period of 4 years ^[28] .

City Heads

The chairmen of the executive committee of the Krasnoturyinsky City Council of Workers' Deputies (since 1977 - people's deputies), mayors of the city (since 1996):

• Markovich Arkady Fadeevich ( 1944 - 1946 )
• Medovshchikov Ivan Antonovich ( 1946 - 1947 )
• Stasyuk Boris Alexandrovich ( 1948 - 1951 )
• Khakhin Mikhail Nikolaevich ( 1951 - 1953 )
• Filimonov Ivan Anisimovich ( 1953 - 1954 )
• Fadeev Konstantin Nikolaevich ( 1954 )
• Shestakov Nikolay Efimovich ( 1955 - 1959 )
• Tikhomirov Sergey Stepanovich ( 1959 - 1961 )
• Romanov Mikhail Petrovich ( 1961 - 1963 )
• Druzhinin Pavel Fedorovich ( 1970 - 1975 )
• Vyalkov Nikolay Alekseevich ( 1975 - 1984 )
• Martynov Gennady Nikolaevich ( 1984 - 1990 )
• Michel Victor Egorovich ( 1990 - 2009 )
• Verkhoturov Sergey Valentinovich ( March 16, 2009 - September 12, 2013 )
• Ustinov Alexander Yuryevich (since September 12, 2013 )

Government Offices

There are two correctional colonies in the city - IK-3 ^[29] and a colony for female recidivists IK-16 ^[30] .

The turnover of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises in 2010 amounted to 31 billion rubles. The turnover of mining enterprises amounted to 8 billion rubles, or 137% compared to last year. The mining of precious metals of ZAO Zoloto Severny Urala at the Vorontsov deposit is proceeding at a steady pace. The production of iron ore concentrate and gravel by the Theological Mining Department exceeded the 2009 figures by more than 2 times. The turnover of manufacturing enterprises increased by 37% compared to last year and amounted to 23 billion rubles. The largest share in the turnover is occupied by the Bogoslovsky aluminum smelter - 92%. In 2010, the volume of shipped products of the enterprise increased by 29%, however, the production of the main types of products - aluminum and alumina in real terms decreased by 3%. The growth in turnover in the group of enterprises engaged in the production and distribution of electricity, gas and water by 11% compared to last year was mainly due to the increase in tariffs for heat and energy resources. The number of workers employed in the industrial sector of the economy amounted to 9 thousand people, which is 94% compared to last year.

The Theological Aluminum Plant , a subsidiary of RUSAL OJSC, is one of the largest plants in Europe , the largest alumina producer in Russia. Works on bauxite of the Severouralsk deposit . It is a city-forming enterprise and the main payer of the local budget (38% of the amount of tax and non-tax revenues or 156 million ^[7] rubles in 2004 ). It gives 92% of the industrial output of Krasnoturinsk. For 60 years, the plant has been constructing residential buildings, cultural, social, sports facilities, medical facilities, road repairs, etc.

Since the end of 1999, the Theological Administration has been part of the UMMC holding . It is engaged in the mining of the Severo Peschansk deposit of magnetite ores, which are complex in composition and contain iron , sulfur , copper , cobalt , and in some areas gold , silver and other elements. On August 1, 2006, the Turyinsky mine (a former Turyinsky copper mine, before that was the Krasnoturyinsky branch of the A.K. Serov Metallurgical Plant) became a part of the Theological Mining Administration as a workshop. The main activities of the mine are the production of sulfide- magnetite ores and the production of copper and iron concentrates.

The South Zaozersky Priisk miners production artel is engaged in the extraction of gold, platinum , and silver. In addition, the artel produces and sells forest products and consumer goods. The company processes more than 5 million m³ of rock mass per year. The number of employees in the enterprise is 521 people ( 2005 ).

CJSC Gold of the North Urals is a subsidiary of Polymetal . Engaged in the extraction of gold and silver at the Vorontsov deposit. The approved ore reserves at the deposit are 8.7 million tons with a content of 62 tons of gold and 76 tons of silver. The company employs more than 800 people.

The theological CHP was commissioned on September 28, 1944. Installed electric capacity is 141 MW , thermal capacity is 1045 Gcal / h. Included in TGK-9 . The station provides heat and electricity to the Bogoslovsky Aluminum Plant, as well as the city of Krasnoturinsk.

Line production department of gas pipelines ( Gazprom transgaz Yugorsk ).

Production and Technical Department ( Krasnoturyinskgazremont ).

In the city there are such federal networks: "Monetka", "Magnet", "Pyaterochka", "MTS", "Euroset", "Motive", "Megaphone"; local and regional distribution networks: Promka, Vybor, Vybor-Perfume, PTC YASA. Also in the city there is a shopping center, where there are such federal chains as: “Zolla”, “OSTIN”, “Kari”, the “MAGNIT-Family” hypermarket, “M-video”, “Fix-price”.

Industrial Park "Theological" - located in the north of the city on the former site of the second stage of the Bogoslovsky Aluminum Plant . The park is being created with the participation of VEB , the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region ^[31] and the “ Monotown Development Fund ” ^[32] . Special status implies a preferential tax regulation. Residents are fully exempt from land tax and property tax. The corporate income tax is set at 5% for five years, starting from the first profit, and then 12% for the next five years (instead of 20% for Russia). Contributions for compulsory insurance of employees were reduced to 7.6% for a period of 10 years (instead of 30% under applicable law). Residents are guaranteed free connection to all engineering networks - gas, water and electricity.

Two railways run near the city: Yekaterinburg - Serov - Boksity and Karpinsk - Serov . There are three railway stations of the Sverdlovsk railway with stations: Krasnoturinsk, Vorontsovka and (in the neighboring village of Rudnichny ) Red iron ore. There is also a bus station in the city. The Serov - Ivdel highway is a bypass for the city of Krasnoturinsk.

City transport

The main city and suburban passenger transportation is carried out by buses and fixed-route taxis .

Since January 15, 1954, a single-track tram system has been operating in the city, consisting of two five-kilometer lines. On both lines, two siding. The rolling stock includes 4 71-605 wagons, 4 Spectrum wagons, as well as one KTM-1 car (official) (as of 2009) ^{[33] [34]} . The fare on the tram is 16 rubles (September 1, 2014). Since August 2011, the branch "Hospital Campus - Series 6" has not been working.

The first factory school opened in Turyinsky mines in 1806. The building occupied by the school housed 120 students (from the class of mining people).

As of 2003, there were 132 children's and teenage institutions in the city, of which 37 were pre-school institutions, 22 were educational institutions, one was a correctional educational school, 30 were out-of-school institutions, 3 were institutions for orphans and parents without parental care, and secondary schools 4. There are 2 music schools, an art school, and a children's choreographic school.

• Krasnoturyinsky branch of the Ural State Technical University (UPI) . Был создан в 1955 году как учебно-консультационный пункт. В 1965 году преобразован в общетехнический факультет с вечерней формой обучения. В 1989 году — открыта очная форма обучения. Статус филиала был присвоен в 1999 году ^[35] . В филиале обучается 700 студентов (2004 год), преподавание ведётся по 8 специальностям по очной и по 5 специальностям по очно-заочной формам обучения.
• Краснотурьинский индустриальный колледж . Создан 20 июня 1945 года как Краснотурьинский индустриальный техникум. 9 марта 1995 года реорганизован в колледж. Обучение ведётся по 10 специальностям.
• Краснотурьинский колледж искусств . Был образован 1 октября 2005 года в результате реорганизации Краснотурьинского музыкального училища (1971 год) и Краснотурьинского художественного училища (1975 год) в форме слияния. В 2008 году присвоен статус колледжа.
• Филиал Свердловского областного медицинского колледжа .
• Краснотурьинский политехникум . До 29 февраля 1996 года — Высшее профессиональное училище. С 1 сентября 2011 года — Среднее профессиональное учреждение. Более 900 учащихся на дневном отделении. Подготовка рабочих идёт по более чем 18 профессиям.

Краснотурьинск обладает развитой сетью учреждений культуры. Работают два Дворца культуры, театр кукол, Дворец спорта, телестудия «Град», студия радиовещания, выставочный зал, три музея, кинотеатр. Выходят газеты «Вечерний Краснотурьинск», «Выбирай-ка! Северный Урал», «Заря Урала». В Краснотурьинске имеется гостиничное хозяйство: гостиницы, отель «Богословский» европейского класса.

• Театр кукол. Открыт 16 июня 1979 года ^[36] . 22 ноября 1999 года театр переехал в новое здание, построенное на средства муниципального бюджета и при поддержке крупных городских предприятий ^[37] .
• Геолого-минералогический музей им. Е. С. Фёдорова . Основан в 1894 году , в коллекции свыше 140 тыс. образцов руд и минералов ^[38] . Не имел себе равных в дореволюционной России .
• Краеведческий музей — открыт в 1959 году ^[39] .

Памятники, причисленные к культурному наследию: ^[40]

• Часовня Александра Невского — воздвигнута в 1870 году в честь отмены крепостного права в России. Часовня отреставрирована и с 2000 года является действующей.
• Мемориальный музей изобретателя радио А. С. Попова — памятник Федерального значения. Музей был основан в 1956 году в доме, где А. С. Попов провёл детские годы (1859—1867), по инициативе городских властей и с помощью дочери учёного Е. А. Поповой-Кьяндской. В 1959 году музей получил статус Государственного ^[41] .
• Дом Фёдорова Евграфа Степановича .

Religion

В 2000 году на средства БАЗа был построен малый храм Иоанна Богослова , символизирующий единство всех поколений заводчан ^[42] .

В 2006 году завершилась реконструкция старейшего и крупнейшего на Северном Урале Храма Святого Преподобного Максима Исповедника , начавшаяся в 2000 году при поддержке БАЗа. Здание церкви первоначально было деревянным. Оно было построено в 1782 году в память основателя Турьинских рудников Максима Походяшина , а в 1829 году сгорело. Каменный храм был построен в 1851 году ^[43] , стены Храма были украшены живописью. Церковная деятельность продолжалась до 1936 года . В 1957—1958 годах по распоряжению советской власти храм был перестроен в кинотеатр . В 1995 году администрация города приняла решение о передаче здания Православной церкви .

В городе действуют Новоапостольская церковь , Евангелическо-лютеранская церковь ^[44] и Свято-Пантелеимоновский женский монастырь (воссоздан в 1990 году ^[45] ).

Sport

В городе действуют 5 стадионов, 3 спортивно-оздоровительных комплекса.

Ежегодно в первую субботу июля проходит горный марафон «Конжак» (на горе Конжаковский Камень , расположенной в 70 км от города). В рейтинге российских марафонов 2007 года по количеству финишировавших занимает первое место (998 спортсменов) ^[46] . По количеству участников — самый массовый в России ^[47] . Протяжённость дистанции — 42 км.

С 2003 года в городе проводится международный женский шахматный супертурнир «Кубок Северного Урала» ^[48] . Через несколько лет шахматный турнир прекратил свое существование

"Маяк" — команда по хоккею с мячом. Играет в супер-лиге

В 2009 году в Краснотурьинском Филиале УрФУ был открыт скалодром (2 дорожки высотой 5 метров). Затем скалодром расширялся (появлялись дополнительные дорожки, потолок и карниз). 18 сентября 2015 года вместо старого открылся новый скалодром «Эволюция» в Доме Спорта. Высота нового скалодрома 5 метров.

• Турьинские рудники // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Воронов Г. И., Каёта Г. М. Краснотурьинск. — Свердловск: Средне-уральское книжное издательство, 1978.
• Степанова И. П. Краснотурьинск. Малая краеведческая энциклопедия. — Екатеринбург: Реал-Медиа, 2004.

• Городская Администрация