Grown - vegetative method of propagating plants by combining parts of several plants, used in gardening . Most often used for propagation of trees and shrubs .
- rootstock - a plant that uses the stem and root system ;
- grafts — the stem, leaves , flowers, or fruits of the second plant grafted onto it.
When grafting a stem, the shoot of a cultivated plant is grafted onto the stem and root system of another, often non-cultured and therefore more resistant to external conditions and diseases of the plant .
Another common method is that a sleeping kidney is grafted onto the stock stalk, and after it has taken root, the stalk is cut off over the kidney, which causes an escape from the kidney.
Successful vaccination requires (and sufficient) close contact of the tissues of the vascular cambium rootstock and scion, so it is important that the tissues of both plants be in good condition.
The cuttings of all fruit trees are harvested at the beginning of winter, before the onset of severe frosts. Cuttings of apple and pear are well preserved in ordinary basements in wet sawdust . Stone stones are best kept frozen, for which on the north side of the building on a frosty day they put wet sawdust on a piece of film, put cuttings on them (you can wrap them in a damp rag), then cover them with a 20-30 cm wet sawdust.
Content
Intermediate vaccination
Intermediate vaccination is an insert between the graft and the variety selected for cultivation.
Freezers and sunburns, often resulting in the death of trees, are most often found on the trunk and in forks of skeletal branches. To avoid this damage, with the help of intermediate grafting, these parts of the tree are replaced by others, from a particularly resistant variety. To do this, in the spring they inoculate with improved copulation with four to five kidneys of a sustainable variety on the stock. When it develops, it is recaptured by the variety selected for cultivation. It turns out like "three-story" trees. If the grafting of a variety selected for cultivation is made on a stem, a stable variety is stored only in the form of a stem and therefore it is called a shaper. If skeletal branches are grafted, the resistant variety remains in the form of a trunk and the base of the skeletal branches and is therefore called a skeletal agent.
Grafting in the form of an intermediate insert is recommended to eliminate one of the weak points of the dwarf rootstocks - the surface location of the roots. For greater reliability in the cultivation of the so-called dwarfs with the help of intermediate grafting create original trees consisting of three parts - the root of a strong-growing rootstock, graft onto it from a dwarf, and onto it - the desired grade. In such a tree, the roots of a strong-growing stock firmly hold it in the soil, the insertion of a weak-growing stock inhibits the growth of the tree. It is possible to construct a “four-storey” low-growth winter-hardy tree: a dwarf inset is imparted to a strong-growing stock, a skeleton-forming agent is implanted onto it, and the necessary variety is introduced onto it [1] .
- Diagram of some vaccination methods
Inoculation of the shoot: 1 - A scion shoot is inserted into the cut in the stalk of the stock, from which the bark is removed; 2 - Scion tissues and rootstocks are in close contact
Vaccination of the kidney: 1 - the kidney graft is removed along with the underlying tissues; 2-4 - the bud is inserted into the T-shaped incision on the stem of the stock and fixed there, 5 - the bud forms an escape
See also
- Budding
- Ablation
- Pruner
- Grape culture
Notes
- ↑ Isaeva I.S. Designing multi-storey trees . Fruit Garden. The appeal date is June 10, 2019.
Literature
- Karatygin E.S. Vaccination // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 add.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Kamentrovsky, E. M. Grafting and re-grafting of fruit trees. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1985.
- P. I. Lavrik, N. A. Rybitsky, I. S. Gavrilov. Grafting and re-grafting of fruit trees // A gardener's reference book / Ed. Dr. agricultural Sciences I. A. Veselovskogo. - L .: Lenizdat, 1972.
- Vasilyeva O. Yu. Abstract of dissertation. Biological features of species of the genus Rosa L., introduced as rootstocks in Western Siberia . - Novosibirsk, 2002.
- Bondorina Irina Anatolyevna. Diagnostics of compatibility of vaccination components // Scientific journal KubGAU, № 71 (07), 2011.