Arthur Phillip ( born Arthur Phillip ; October 11, 1738 , London , England - August 31, 1814 , Bath , England ) - Admiral of the Royal Navy of England , Governor of New South Wales - the first European colony on the Australian continent.
| Arthur Phillip | |||||||
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| Arthur phillip | |||||||
 1786 Portrait by Francis Wheatley (National Portrait Gallery, London ) | |||||||
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| Successor | John hunter | ||||||
| Birth | October 11, 1738 London , British Empire | ||||||
| Death | August 31, 1814 (75 years old) Bath , British Empire | ||||||
| Burial place | London | ||||||
| Spouse | 1) Margaret Arthur 2) Isabella Witehead | ||||||
| Education | |||||||
| Religion | Catholicism | ||||||
| Military service | |||||||
| Years of service | 1755-1763, 1776-1788, 1796-1814 | ||||||
| Affiliation |  British empire | ||||||
| Type of army | Royal navy | ||||||
| Rank | Admiral | ||||||
| Commanded | Royal navy | ||||||
| Battles | Seven year war Spanish-Portuguese war US War of Independence | ||||||
Biography
Phillip first entered the ranks of the Royal Navy at the age of seventeen in 1755 and was in service until 1763 . Over the next thirteen years, he was engaged in farming in the English outback. In 1776 he again entered the active service and participated in the battles of the Anglo-French War .
During the Spanish-Portuguese War of 1776-1777 he served the Portuguese crown in a squadron under the command of Robert MacDouall. He showed great courage and ingenuity in the capture of the Spanish ship San Agustin. His merits in this battle were marked by the fact that after renaming the ship to "Santo Agustinho", Arthur Philippe was appointed his new captain .
In 1786, Philip received an order from the British government to establish a settlement of exiled criminals in New South Wales . The following year, sailed to Australia at the head of a fleet of 11 ships, known as the First Fleet . In 1788, he founded the convict settlement, named Sydney in honor of the then Minister of the British Colonies, on the shores of the eponymous cove in Sydney Port Jackson Bay. Sydney became the first European colony on the Australian continent. Becoming the first governor of New South Wales, Phillip quite successfully fought with riots among the exiles and soldiers, and until the middle of 1790 with the threat of hunger. He managed to create a truly viable colony. Despite a conciliatory policy towards the natives, Phillip was not able to establish a lasting peace between the settlers and the natives.
In 1792, Phillip returned to England under the pretext of ill health, but in 1796 - 1798 he again participated in the hostilities at sea. November 6, 1805, Philip was promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral of the red flag [1] , November 24, 1809 - to the rank of Vice Admiral of the white flag [2] , July 31, 1810 - to the rank of Vice Admiral of the red flag [3] , June 7, 1814 - Admiral of the blue flag [4] .
End of life
In 1792, Philip's wife, Margaret, died. In 1794, he married Isabella Witehead and lived for some time in Bath . His health was restored, and in 1796 he returned to the sea, while he received a command and several senior positions during the wars against the French. In January 1799, he became rear admiral. In 1805 , at the age of 67, he resigned, and spent the rest of his life in Bath. He continued to correspond with friends in New South Wales and offered new ideas to colony government officials. He died in Bath on August 31, 1814 [5] .
Movie Image
- "The Amazing Journey of Mary Bryant " (Mary Bryant) - dir. Peter Andrikidis (Australia, UK, 2005). In the role of Arthur Phillip - Sam Neal .
- “ Exiles ” (2015) - dir. Jeffrey Walker, Daniel Percival (Australia, UK, 2015). In the role of Arthur Phillip - David Wenham
Notes
- ↑ LondonGazette, November 5, 1805
- ↑ LondonGazette, November 24, 1809
- ↑ LondonGazette, July 28, 1810
- ↑ LondonGazette, June 7, 1814
- ↑ Broughton, W .. Sydney: Sitting Magistrate W. Broughton Esq. , The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser , G. Howe (1 April 1815), S. 2. Date of access January 27, 2018.
Literature
- Becke, Louis. Admiral Phillip: the founding of New South Wales / Louis Becke, Walter Jeffery. - London, England: T. Fisher Unwin, 1899.
- Historical records of New South Wales. Vol. 1, part 2. Phillip, 1783-1792. / Britton, Alex R. .. - Lansdown Slattery & Co., 1978.- P. 56.
- Frost, Alan. Convicts and empire: a naval question, 1776–1811. - Oxford University Press, 1980. - ISBN 9780195542554 .
- Frost, Alan. Arthur Phillip, 1738–1814: his voyaging. - Oxford University Press, 1987. - ISBN 9780195547016 .
- Frost, Alan. The precarious life of James Mario Matra: voyager with Cook, American loyalist, servant of empire / Alan Frost, Isabel Moutinho. - The Miegunyah Press, 1995 .-- ISBN 9780522846676 .
- Hunter, John (1793), An Historical Journal of the Transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island , London, England: Printed for John Stockdale, OCLC 154257649 , < https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15662 >
- Parker, Derek. Arthur Phillip: Australia's first governor. - Woodslane Press, 2009 .-- ISBN 9781921203992 .
- Pembroke, Michael. Arthur Phillip: sailor, mercenary, governor, spy. - Hardie Grant Books, 2013 .-- ISBN 9781742705088 .
- Tink, Andrew. The Governors of New South Wales. - The Federation Press, 2009 .-- ISBN 9781862877436 .
Links
- Arthur Phillip works in the Gutenberg project
- Arthur Phillip High School , Parramatta - state high (years 7-12) school named for Phillip
- BH Fletcher, 'Phillip, Arthur (1738-1814)', Australian Dictionary of Biography , Volume 2, Melbourne University Press , 1967, pp 326–333.
- Royal Navy History Biographical Memoir of Arthur Phillip, Esq.
- The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay - National Museum of Australia