Aldous Leonard Huxley ( Eng. Aldous Huxley ; July 26, 1894 , Godalming , Surrey , England , UK - November 22, 1963 , Los Angeles , USA ) - English writer , novelist and philosopher . The author of the famous dystopian novel “ Brave New World ”.
| Aldous Huxley | |
|---|---|
| Alldous huxley | |
 Huxley in 1925 | |
| Birth name | Aldous Leonard Huxley |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | Godalming , Surrey , England , UK |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | Los Angeles , USA |
| Citizenship (citizenship) | |
| Occupation | prose writer |
| Language of Works | |
| Awards | [d] ( 1939 ) |
| Autograph | |
Huxley was a humanist , pacifist and satirist . Later he became interested in spiritual issues: parapsychology and philosophical mysticism [4] [5] , in particular universalism . Towards the end of his life, Huxley was widely recognized as one of the foremost intellectuals of his time. In different years, he was nominated seven times for the Nobel Prize in literature (1938, 1939, 1955, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963). [6]
Content
Biography
Both paternal and maternal, Huxley belonged to the British cultural elite, which gave a number of outstanding scientists, writers, artists. His father is writer Leonard Huxley , paternal grandfather is biologist Thomas Henry Huxley ; Huxley's maternal side is the great-grandson of historian and educator Thomas Arnold and the great-nephew of writer Matthew Arnold . Brother Huxley Julian and half- brother Andrew were famous biologists.
Huxley's mother died when Aldous was thirteen years old. Three years later, he contracted eye inflammation, and subsequently his vision deteriorated significantly. In this regard, during the First World War, he was released from military service. He later described his own experience of correcting vision in the brochure The Art of Seeing , 1943.
Huxley wrote his first novel, which was not published, at the age of seventeen. He studied literature at Balliol College, Oxford . Already at the age of twenty, Huxley decides to choose writing as a profession.
His novels deal with the dehumanization of society in the process of technological progress ( anti-utopia “ Brave New World ”). In the book “Return to a Beautiful New World” ( Brave New World Revisited , 1958), written twenty-seven years after the first, Huxley describes the state of society opposite to the first book and develops the idea that in reality everything will be much worse and worse. than in the first. Huxley touched on pacifist themes in his work.
In 1937, together with his wife Maria, son Matthew and friend Gerald Gerd, he moved to Los Angeles in the hope that the California climate would benefit his deteriorating vision. It is here that his main creative period begins, the feature of which was a more detailed examination of the human essence. Huxley met in 1938 with Jeddah Krishnamurti . Under the influence of the latter, he turns to various teachings of wisdom and engages in mysticism .
The accumulated reflections are reflected in his subsequent writings: “Eternal Philosophy” ( The Perennial Philosophy ) and “ After Many a Summer ... ”, as well as in the work “ Time must have a stop” .
In 1953, he agrees to participate in an experiment conducted by Humphrey Osmond. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of mescaline on human consciousness.
Subsequently, in the correspondence with Osmond, the word psychedelic was first used to describe the influence of mescaline .
The essays “ The Doors of Perception ” and “ Heaven and Hell ” describe the observations and the course of the experiment, which the author repeated about ten times until his death. “Doors of Perception” became a cult text for many radical intellectuals of the 1960s and gave the name to the famous rock band The Doors .
At the beginning of 1960, Huxley at his home in Los Angeles for a long time met with Milton Erickson for a joint psychological study of various states of consciousness [7] .
The effect of the action of psychotropic substances affects his work. So, in his last novel, Island , he described a utopia that was diametrically opposed to his anti-utopia Brave New World .
Huxley died on November 22, 1963 (on the day of the Kennedy assassination ) in Los Angeles from laryngeal cancer . Before his death, he asked him to give him an intramuscular injection of LSD - 100 mcg. Despite the warnings of the doctors, his wife complied with his request, which allowed him to die calmly, avoiding convulsions and suffocation. She admitted this in an interview that she gave to the British television company BBC in 1986 in the framework of the documentary project LSD: The Beyond Within [8] . Shortly before his death, a fire broke out in Huxley's house, in which almost all of his manuscripts were burned.
The Buddhist lama, Ole Nydahl, began, although he did not complete his doctoral dissertation, on Aldous Huxley's book Doors of Perception. [9]
Personal life
In 1919, Huxley married the young Belgian Maria Nis ( Maria Nys , September 10, 1899 - February 12, 1955), the protégé of and Ottoline Morrell [10] . In 1920, they had a son, Matthew , who became a famous epidemiologist [11] . In 1955, Mary died of breast cancer [12] .
In 1956, Huxley married the writer Laura Archer (1911-2007).
Despite his interest in mysticism, Huxley considered himself an agnostic [13] .
Most of the surviving Huxley manuscripts are at the University of California, Los Angeles [14] . Some manuscripts are in the Stanford University library [15] .
Bibliography
- The Yellow Crome , Crome Yellow - 1921
- "The Jester Round Dance ", Antic Hay - 1923
- " These Barren Leaves " Those Barren Leaves - 1925
- Counterpoint , Point Counter Point - 1928
- Brave New World , Brave New World - 1932
- The Blind Man in Gaza , Eyeless in Gaza - 1936
- After Many Years , After Many a Summer Dies the Swan - 1939
- “ How to Fix Vision ”, The Art of Seeing - 1943
- “ Time Must Stop, ” Time Must Have a Stop - 1945
- Eternal Philosophy , The Perennial Philosophy - 1945
- Monkey and Essence , Ape and Essence - 1948
- The Luden Demons , The Devils of Loudun - 1952
- “ Doors of Perception ”, The Doors of Perception - 1954
- " Genius and the Goddess ", The Genius and the Goddess - 1955
- Heaven and Hell - 1956
- “ Return to the Brave New World ”, Brave New World Revisited - 1958
- " Island ", Island - 1962
Stories and short stories
- Hubert and Minnie
- Young Archimedes
- Chowdron
- Healing rest
- Claxtons
- After the fireworks
- And since then there has been no end to their happiness
- Eupomp numbers gave greatness to the art of painting
- Kinfiya
- Book store
- Death lally
- Sir Hercules
- Mona Lisa smile
- Tillotson Banquet
- Green tunnels
- Nun for breakfast
- "Little Mexican"
- Jar of blush
- Portrait
- Saturday evening
- Monocle
- The Sorceress of the Godmother
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118555081 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ Thody, Philipe. Huxley: A Biographical Introduction. - Scribner, 1973. - ISBN 978-0-289-70188-1 .
- ↑ David K. Dunaway. Aldous Huxley Recollected: An Oral History . - Rowman Altamira, 1995. - P. 90. - ISBN 978-0-7619-9065-9 .
- ↑ Nomination Database
- ↑ Erickson M. Strategy for Psychotherapy = Strategy of the Psychotherapy
- ↑ LSD: The Beyond Within . PaddyC's Movie Reviews (February 12, 2007). Date of treatment May 19, 2010. Archived on August 22, 2011.
- ↑ Scherer, Burkhard. "Interpreting the Diamond Way: Contemporary Convert Buddhism in Transition" (link not available) . Journal of Global Buddhism (September 24, 2010). Date of treatment June 17, 2015. Archived June 13, 2010.
- ↑ Vanderhill, Elizabeth. "Mystics of the XX century": Encyclopedia / [Per. from English]; [Foreword and commonly. ed. A. Rovner]. - M .: MYTH: Lokid, 1996 .-- S. 27 .-- 522 p. - ISBN 5-87214-023-3 .
- ↑ Patricia Sullivan. Author, NIMH Epidemiologist Matthew Huxley Dies at 84 . Washington Post (February 17, 2005). Date of treatment December 6, 2013.
- ↑ Maria Nijs (Nys) (1898-1955 ) . geni.com (October 13, 2013). Date of treatment February 17, 2005.
- ↑ Aldous Huxley / Harold Bloom (ed.). - Infobase Publishing, 2003. - P. 27. - “As late as 1962 he wrote to Reid Gardner,“ I remain an agnostic who aspires to be a gnostic ”(Letters 935).”. - ISBN 978-0-7910-7040-6 .
- ↑ Finding Aid for the Aldous and Laura Huxley papers, 1925-2007 . Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library , UCLA. Date of treatment October 4, 2012.
- ↑ Guide to the Aldous Huxley Collection, 1922-1934 . Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives. Date of treatment October 4, 2012.
Links
- English-language site dedicated to the activities of the writer
- Biography and bibliography on fantlab.ru
- Huxley, Aldous in the library of Maxim Moshkov
- Golovacheva I.V. Psychedelic revolution in a single consciousness: a chronicle of events
- Golovacheva I.V. Science and literature: Archeology of scientific knowledge by Aldous Huxley
- Rabinovich, V.S. Aldous Huxley: the evolution of creativity . Yekaterinburg, 1999.
- Redina, O. N. “A novel of ideas” by Aldous Huxley . Moscow, 1999.
- Shadursky, Maxim. Literary Utopia from Mora to Huxley: Problems of Genre Poetics and the Semiosphere. Finding an island . Moscow, 2007.
- Shadurski, Maxim. Utopia as a model of the world: boundaries and frontiers of a literary phenomenon . Siedlce: IKR [i] BL, 2016 .