Hiccup (singultus) is a nonspecific violation of the function of external respiration , which is characterized by a series of convulsive jerky contractions of the diaphragm and manifests itself subjectively by unpleasant short and intense respiratory movements. One of the possible symptoms of hypothermia, overeating, intoxication, and other conditions.
| Hiccups | |
|---|---|
| ICD-10 | R 06.6 |
| ICD-9 | 786.8 |
| ICD-9-KM | |
| Diseasesdb | 5887 |
| Medlineplus | 003068 |
| eMedicine | emerg / 252 |
| Mesh | D006606 |
Hiccups are an involuntary physiological reaction . It is caused by synchronous myoclonic contractions of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles , which mimic a fixed breath, but the sudden closure of the airways by the epiglottis blocks the air flow: the inhalation is accompanied by a short suffocation . The stifled sound that is produced is the result of abrupt closing of the glottis .
From an evolutionary point of view, hiccups can be explained as a reflex designed to remove air from the stomach. When this goal is reached (displacing air with water or burping ), the reflex usually stops. This statement does not apply to cases of so-called. pathological hiccups, when the reflex is caused by some internal irritant of a pathological nature (inflammation, tumor, etc.)
Content
Reasons
Hiccups occur in people for no apparent reason and, as a rule, are a harmless, rapidly stopping phenomenon. Hiccups can occur with general cooling (especially in young children), with overstretching of the stomach (overfilling with food), as well as with irritation of the diaphragmatic or vagus nerves (a case of prolonged hiccups with a diaphragm contraction rate equal to the heart rate of the damaged wires from a pacemaker to the phrenic nerve).
The vagus nerve, passing from the chest cavity into the abdominal cavity, squeezes along with the esophagus through a narrow hole in the diaphragm. Irritation of the vagus nerve can occur with hasty eating, with overeating, as well as in an uncomfortable position when the nerve is compressed, or in fright when a sharp breath occurs. [one]
Prolonged (more than several hours), debilitating hiccups can be caused by CNS lesions, in particular encephalitis , metabolic disorders (with diabetic, uremic or hepatic coma), intoxications (alcohol, barbiturates , muscle relaxants , benzodiazepines ), stroke , head injury, arteriovenous malformations . Hiccups can be a formidable sign of increasing intracranial hypertension or volumetric formation of the posterior cranial fossa. Hiccups can also be caused by compression of the C4 root by a hernia of the intervertebral disc, a neck tumor, a mediastinal tumor, lymphogranulomatosis or sarcoidosis , an esophageal or lung tumor, esophageal diverticulum , esophagitis reflux , laryngobronchitis , mediastinitis , myocardial infarction , gastric disease, organ diseases stomach and duodenum, intestinal obstruction, subphrenic abscess , pancreatitis , diseases of the biliary system, tumors of the stomach, pancreas, liver), glaucoma .
Interesting Facts
- Charles Osborne began to hiccup in 1922. The hiccup attack began at the moment when he was slaughtering a pig, and continued for the next 68 years until 1990. During this time, he hiccuped about 715 million times. Hiccups did not succumb to the treatment, but this did not prevent Osborne from leading the way of life familiar to all people, he got married and had children. The average hiccup rate at the beginning of the attack was 40 times per minute, which then decreased to 20–25 times [2] .
Notes
- ↑ Elements: Children's questions: Why does a person hiccup?
- ↑ Survivor of 68 years Hiccup Spell Dies ... Omaha World - Herald, 5 May 1991, Sunrise Edition: 2.B. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
Literature
- Shtulman D. R., Levin O. S. “Neurology: a reference book of a practical doctor” - 6th ed. - 2008 −1024s.
- "Big Medical Encyclopedia."