Osteoma

Osteoma (osteoma) is a benign bone tumor. In most cases, it is not malignant .

Osteoma
Osteoma of the external auditory meatus
ICD-10	D16
ICD-9
ICD-O	9180/0, 9191/0, 9200/0
Mesh	and

There are three types of osteomas:

1) solid O. (osteoma durum s. Eburneum), consisting of a dense substance like ivory located in concentric plates parallel to the surface of the tumor;

2) spongy O. (osteoma spongiosum);

3) cerebral O. (osteoma medullosum), containing extensive cavities filled with bone marrow. According to Virchow, two groups of O. are distinguished: some that develop from the skeletal system (hyperplastic), and others that arise from the connective tissue of different organs (heteroplastic).

The first include osteophytes - small layers on the bones; if they occupy the entire circumference of the bone, then they are called hyperostoses; if the bone mass is given in the form of a tumor in a limited place - exostosis ^[1] , if it is enclosed inside the bone - exostosis ^[2] .

Hard exostoses are often found on the bones of the skull, face and pelvis; in the latter case, they can greatly impede the birth certificate (the so-called spinous pelvis) ^[2] .

From heteroplastic O. we will mention those which are localized in places of attachment of tendons and in muscles; this includes the so-called. the parade ground bones (Exercirknochen) and the cavalry bones that develop in the muscles of the shoulder and thigh due to repeated mechanical irritations with the butt of the gun [Hasse found them in recruits in 3% of all cases.] and riding; they range from a pea to a goose egg. Further, there are extensive bone plates in the dura mater, however, without any pathological significance; the same can be said about bone deposits in the cardiac shirt, pleura and abdominal obstruction; O. are relatively often found in the substance of the brain ^[2] .

Osteoid osteoma (osteoid osteoma) is characterized by excessive proliferation of bone-forming cells; in this case, the person usually begins to worry about pain in the diaphysis of the long tubular bone.

The reasons. Some cases, especially multiple exostoses, indicate a hereditary predisposition (the probability of transmission of the disease to direct descendants is 50%); further, congenital exostoses are described; They also blame trauma, various thinnesses: syphilis (often exostoses on the skull), gout, rheumatism. O. - a relatively rare disease, usually develops in adolescence and more often in men than in women; O. education is slow, usually painless.

The diagnosis of osteoma is based on clinical and radiological data. The differential diagnosis between chronic osteomyelitis and osteogenic sarcoma is easy to establish based on the x-ray picture and the course of the disease.

Osteoma treatment is only surgical. It is indicated for clinical symptoms or for cosmetic purposes. The operation consists in the removal of the tumor with mandatory resection of the underlying plate of a healthy bone. In cases of asymptomatic course and small tumor size, only dynamic observation is considered appropriate.

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  X-ray of the frontal sinus

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  Frontal sinus osteoma on computed tomography