Lachinov, Pavel Alexandrovich

Came from the old Russian clan of the Lachinovs . Brother of the military historian N. A. Lachinov and physicist D. A. Lachinov , writer P. A. Lachinova ; cousin of the physicochemist M. M. Schulz .

He was brought up in the Pavlovsk cadet corps . He served in the Life Guard grenadier regiment with a secondment to the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy , which he graduated in 1858.

From 1860, he was a tutor in chemistry in the Pavlovsk corps, from 1862 he was a teacher of physics and chemistry, a librarian and curator of the museum in the Nizhny Novgorod Arakcheevsky cadet corps .

Since 1863, he studied at the Corps of Mining Engineers , where he attended a special metallurgy course "in view of the preparation for a special position of an artillery assistant."

In 1865 he resigned from military service and entered as assistant professor A.N. Engelhardt at the St. Petersburg Agricultural (then Forest) Institute . In 1868-1892 he taught chemistry at the Forest Institute (except for 1870 and 1871). He worked not only with A. N. Engelhardt (until 1875), but also with N. N. Sokolov , whose last work “On the Effect of Ammonia on Acetone” (1874) was carried out jointly with P. A. Lachinov.

In 1877, he became the head of the Institute’s chemical laboratory (now Lesnoy); his assistant was M. G. Kucherov .

P.L. Lachinov was known as an excellent experimenter; he enjoyed attention and love among students. In the Russian Chemical Society , of which he was one of the founders, Lachinov collaborated with D. I. Mendeleev ^[1] and other scientists. He was one of the teachers and staff of P. A. Kostychev .

The main scientific works are devoted to the study of the dependence of the properties of organic compounds on their structure. He synthesized (1865-1870) various nitro-, cyano- and halogen derivatives of benzene, toluene and other aromatic hydrocarbons, and studied the dependence of the properties of these compounds on the position of substituents in the aromatic nucleus. He investigated the natural compounds that make up bile.

In 1868, he developed a method for the exact determination of phosphoric acid in soil analysis.

In 1880, even before the general concept of solid solutions was established (1890, J. Kh. Vant-Hoff ), P. A. Lachinov studied the formation of solid homogeneous phases of variable composition with fatty acids: cholic , bile, and stearic ^[2] . The great scientific interest and practical importance of solid solutions for mineralogy, technology, and metallurgy attracted the attention of Russian scientists. P. A. Lachinov became convinced of the significant distribution of crystalline bodies of variable composition ^[3] .

A series of very thorough experiments, this exemplary observer showed that homogeneous crystals of cholic acid, as well as other bile acids, are able to retain variable amounts of water, alcohols, stearic and palmitic acids, urea and other substances that attach very firmly and cannot be removed by recrystallization.

- N. S. Kurnakov . Introduction to physicochemical analysis. ^[four]

Perseverance in achieving the intended goal, the accuracy of the study and the strength and freshness of the combination were his distinctive qualities as a scientist. As a lecturer, he not only knew how to convey accurate scientific data to his students with extraordinary clarity and simplicity, but also had the gift to interest them in the vast horizons of science and to attract people to work independently. Being not only an outstanding chemist, possessing an extensive erudition in general, with a deeply philosophical mentality, Lachinov did not seek popularity, he made his name solely thanks to the excellent qualities of his mind and heart and scientific works that brought him fame not only in Russia but also abroad .

For the study of aromatic compounds, according to the theory of the chemical structure of A. M. Butlerov , A. N. Engelhardt and P. L. Lachinov in 1870 were awarded the Lomonosov Prize .

In 1887, prof. P.A. Lachinov and Erofeev found diamond powder in a meteor stone that fell in the Penza province, Krasnoslobodsky district, near the village of Novy Urey (September 10, 1886). Until then, coal and graphite were found in meteorites (a special change is cliftonite), while diamond was only suspected. ... The same diamond was found in the Canon Diablo meteorite in America and others. Rossel (1896) found tiny particles of diamond in hardened steel.

- D.M. Mendeleev. The basics of chemistry. ^[five]

In 1888, P. A. Lachinov was again awarded the Lomonosov Prize (with Professor M.V. Erofeev ^[6] ) for analyzing the Novo-Ureysky meteorite — scientists were the first in the world to detect the presence of diamonds in meteorites ; this discovery became the basis for obtaining artificial diamond Sh Friedel and A. Moissan (1893) ^{[7] [8]} .

The wife of Pavel Alexandrovich Lachinov, Maria Konstantinovna Guglielmi - a descendant of the Italian dancer of the St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theater, choreographer, A. G. Guglielmi; son, Vladimir Lachinov - philologist (student of A. N. Veselovsky ), translator, theater theorist and theater critic, actor.

• Lachinov, Pavel Alexandrovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
• Lachinov, Pavel Aleksandrovich // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Lachinov Pavel Aleksandrovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
• Biographical Dictionary of the Imperial Historical Society. - SPb., 1914.
• V.A. Volkov, E.V. Vonsky, G.I. Kuznetsova Chemists. Biographical reference. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1984
• Danilevsky V.V. Russian technology. Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - Leningrad newspaper, magazine and book publishing house, 1948. - P. 264
• Tikhonov I.L. Part Two: 1819-1917 // St. Petersburg State University. 275 years: Chronicle 1724-1999 / Ed. L. A. Verbitskaya . - SPb. : St. Petersburg State University, 1999 .-- S. 185. - ISBN 5-288-02146-5 .
• Schulz A. M. Lachinovs and Mendeleev // Mendeleev collection / Ed. I. S. Dmitrieva. - SPb. : St. Petersburg State University, 1999 .-- S. 139-154. - ISBN 5-288-01746-8 .
• Kucherov M. G. In memory of P. A. Lachinov // RFHO Journal. - 1892. - T.2. - S. 597-614

• RGIA. F. 381. - Op. 8. - Unit 3503
• RGIA. F. 398. - Op. 32. - Unit 1127b; Op. 40. - Unit 13390