Maksimovich, Karl Ivanovich

He received his secondary education at St. Petersburg's St. Anna's College ( German Annenschule ), and higher education at the University of Derpt (1845-1850) from A. A. Bunge .

After graduation, he was identified as assistant director of the Derpt Botanical Garden , and in 1852 he moved to Petersburg as a conservative in the Imperial Botanical Garden .

In 1853, Maksimovich, together with Leopold von Schrenk, undertook, on behalf of the Garden, a trip around the world on the frigate " Diana " under the command of Admiral Euthymius Putyatin . The first year was used in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean with stops in Rio de Janeiro , Valparaiso and Honolulu ; in 1854, the traveler entered the bay of De Castries and, on the occasion of the Eastern War, remained on the mainland , in the Amur Region , until 1857. With great difficulty and with little money, he studied the vegetation of this then almost completely unknown land and collected a rich collection, which he worked on his return to St. Petersburg, and published his important essay, “Primitiae florae amurensis” (lat.) (Memoires de l ' Academie Imperiale de St.-Petersbourg, 1859), which fully acquainted the scientific world with the peculiar vegetation of the vast Amur and Ussuri Territories (introduced into the botanical science 915 new species of flowering and spore plants ). For this work, Maksimovich was awarded the Demidov Prize .

In 1859, Maksimovich was elected an adjunct of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences .

In 1859, Maksimovich made a new trip through Siberia to Irkutsk , in Transbaikalia , along the Sungari and Ussuri to Nikolaevsk and then to Japan , in Hakodate ( Hokkaido Island). In 1861, he traveled to Nagasaki to travel around southern Japan.

The Japanese Sugawa Tyonosuke became a priceless assistant to Maksimovich ( Japanese 須 川 長 之 助 , 1842-1925; variants of writing his name in Latin are Tschonoski Sukawa and Chōnosuke Sugawa ). He worked there, where, due to restrictions imposed by the Japanese authorities, Maximovich himself could not get in, and collected rich materials. Maximovich gave his name to new species (species epithets in the names of species in Russian are usually written as Chonoski) - Maple Chonoski ( Acer tschonoskii Maxim. ), Honeysuckle Chonoski ( Lonicera tschonoskii Maxim. ), Crab Chonoski ( Carpinus tschonoskii Maxim. ), Leukoto ( Leucothoe tschonoskii Maxim. ), Rhododendron Chonoski ( Rhododendron tschonoskii Maxim. ), Pear Chonoski ( Pyrus tschonoskii Maxim. ), Trillium Chonoski ( Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. )

Maximovich stayed in Japan until the beginning of 1864, and in February 1864 he returned to Russia. The result of the expedition was the proof of the theory of the unity of the natural environment of Japan and the entire Far East in the work Diagnoses des nouvelles plantes du Japon et de la Mandjourie (lat.) (20 issues, 1866-1876).

In 1869, Maksimovich was appointed the chief botanist of the Imperial Botanical Garden and began to develop not only the rich material that he himself collected, but also those collections that our travelers brought him Przhevalsky , Potanin , N.V. Pevtsov, etc., published based on their study of 8 issues of Diagnosis plantarum novarum asiaticum (lat.) (1876-1893). Since 1870 he was the director of the Botanical Museum .

In 1871, Maksimovich was elected an extraordinary, and then an ordinary academician .

On behalf of the Academy of Sciences, he bought from the widow of Siebold a collection of eight volumes of botanical illustrations made by Japanese artists.

Soon he became the first in Europe to be an expert on the Japanese flora and, in general, the flora of the temperate part of the Far East. He prepared the full flora of these countries, many parts of which he had already been processed and published when his work was suddenly interrupted by death.

A highly educated man, Maksimovich knew, in addition to Russian, French and German , in which he was perfectly expressed and wrote, also the English language .

He died in St. Petersburg on February 4, 1891 . He was buried at the Smolensk Lutheran cemetery in St. Petersburg ^[1] .

Childbirth

In addition to the aforementioned essay, science owes him many of the most thorough work, of which we indicate here:

• Primitiae florae amurensis, 1859
• Rhamneae orientali-asiaticae, 1866
• C. J. Maximowicz . Diagnoses des nouvelles plantes du Japon et de la Mandjourie. // In: Bulletin de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg. Tome I, decades I – X, 1866–1871, Tome II, decades XI – XX, 1872–1876 (lat.) Retrieved November 23, 2008
• Rhododendreae Asiae Orientalis, 1870
• Monograph on genus Lespedeza, 1873
• Diagnosis plantarum novarum asiaticum (fasc. I — VIII, 1876-1893)
• Flora tangutica, sive enumeratio plantarum regionis Tangut (Amdo) provinciae Kansu, nec non Tibetiae praesertim orientaliborealis adque Tsaidon: ex collectionibus NM Przewalski atque GN Potanin, (Fasc. I. Thalamiflorae et Disciflorae, 1889)
• Enumeratio plantarum hucusque in Mongolia: nec non adjacente parte Turkestaniae Sinensis lectarum, 1889
• and many others.

• Acer maximowiczianum Miq.
• Adenophora maximowicziana makino
• Agave maximowicziana regel
• Allium maximowiczi regel
• Alnus maximoviczii Callier in CKSchneid. (= Alnus maximowiczii Callier ex CKSchneid. , Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. Subsp. Maximoviczii (Callier) D.Löve, Duschekia maximowiczii (Callier) Pouzar)
• Angelica maximowiczii Benth. ex maxim. ( syn. Gomphopetalum maximowiczii F.Schmidt, Ostericum maximowiczii (F.Schmidt) Kitag.)
• Arabis maximowiczi N. Busch
• Arisaema maximowiczii Nakai ( syn. A. japonicum var. Maximowiczii Engl)
• Artemisia maximovicziana Krasch. ex poljakov
• Asperula maximoviczii Kom. (= Galium maximoviczii Kom. Pobed. ) ^[2]
• Aspidium maximowiczianum Miq.
• Atriplex maximowicziana makino
• Betula maximowicziana regel
• Bidens maximowicziana Oett.
• Cacalia maximowicziana Nakai et Maekawa ( syn. Koyamacalia maximowicziana (Nakai et Maekawa ex Hara) H. Rob. Et Brettell, Parasenecio maximowiczianus (Nakai et F. Maek. Ex Hara) H. Koyama)
• Cancrinia maximowiczi C. Winkl.
• Caragana maximovicziana Kom.
• Cardaminopsis maximoviczii ( N. Busch ) OESchulz (= Arabis maximoviczii )
• Carex maximowiczii F.Schmidt
• Cayaponia maximowiczii Cogn. ( syn. Arkezostis maximowiczii Kuntze)
• Cerasus maximoviczii ( Rupr. ) Kovalev (= Prunus maximoviczii Rupr.)
• Chrysanthemum maximoviczianum Ling (= Pyrethrum sinense var. Sinense Maxim)
• Chrysanthemum maximoviczii Kom.
• Cinnamomum maximoviczii Lukman.
• Cirsium maximowiczii Nakai (= Cirsium yesoense Makino)
• Clematoclethra maximowiczii Baill.
• Cynanchum maximoviczii Pobed. (= Cynanchum caudatum Maxim)
• Dendranthema maximowiczii ( Kom. ) Tzvel.
• Diervilla maximowiczii Makino ( syn. Calyptrostigma maximowiczii Makino, Weigelastrum maximowiczii (Makino) Nakai)
• Dioscorea maximowiczii Uline ex R.Knuth
• Dryopteris maximowiczii ( Baker ) Kuntze
• Elaeagnus maximowiczii Servett.
• Eleocharis maximoviczii Zinserl.
• Elymus maximoviczii Roshev. ex nevski
• Gentiana maximowiczi kusnezow
• Geranium maximowiczii Regel et Maack
• Hololeion maximowiczii Kitam. (= Hieracium hololeion Maxim)
• Hydrangea maximowiczii H.Lév.
• Ilex maximowicziana Loes.
• Iris maximowiczii grubov
• Juncus maximowiczi Buchenau
• Kalonymus maximowicziana Prokh. ( syn. Euonymus maximowiczianus (Prokh.) Vorosch.)
• Krascheninikovia maximowicziana Franch. et Sav. ( syn. Pseudostellaria maximowicziana (Franch. et Sav.) Pax)
• Lonicera maximowiczii Kuntze ( syn. Xylosteon maximowiczii Rupr.)
• Myripnois maximowiczi C. Winkl .
• Nephrodium maximowiczii Baker ( syn. Arachniodes maximowiczii (Baker) Ohwi)
• Orostachys maximowiczii VVByalt
• Picea maximowiczii regel
• Phlomis maximoviczii regel
• Phlomis maximowizii Regel ( syn. Phlomoides maximowiczii (Regel) Kamelin et Makhm.)
• Polycarpa maximowiczii hort. ex Rehder (= Idesia polycarpa Maxim)
• Polygonatum maximowiczii F.Schmidt
• Polystichum maximowiczii ( Baker ) Diels
• Pyrola maximowicziana Makino (= Pyrola elliptica var. Minor Maxim)
• Rhamnus maximovicziana Ja.Vassiliev
• Rhododendron maximowiczianum H.Lév.
• Ribes maximoviczii Kom.
• Ribes maximowiczi Batalin
• Rumohra maximowiczii ( Baker in Hook. Et Baker ) Ching (= Nephrodium maximowiczii Baker in Hook. Et Baker)
• Salix maximoviczii Kom.
• Salvia maximowicziana Hemsl.
• Saussurea maximowiczii Herder ( syn. Theodorea maximowiczii Kuntze)
• Saxifraga maximoviczi Losinsk.
• Scirpus maximowiczii CBClarke ( syn. Eriophorum maximowiczii (CBClarke) Beetle)
• Sedum maximowiczii Regel ( syn. Aizopsis maximowiczii (Regel) SB Gontcharova, Phedimus maximowiczii (Regel) et Hart)
• Senecio maximowiczii Franch.
• Sicyos maximowiczii Cogn. ( syn. Cladocarpa maximowiczii (Cogn.) H. St. John )
• Silene maximowicziana Kozhevn. (= Silene foliosa Regel var. Mongolica )
• Sisymbrium maximowiczi Palib. ( syn. Berteroella maximowiczii OESchulz)
• Sloanea maximowicziana K.Schum. in Mart.
• Stellaria maximowiczii Kozhevn.
• Teucrium maximowiczii Prob.
• Torularia maximowiczii Botsch. ( syn. Neotorularia maximowiczii (Botsch.) Botsch.)
• Tylophora maximowicziana Warb. ( syn. Cynanchum maximowiczianum (Warb.) Nakai)
• Weigela maximowiczii ( S. Moore ) Rehder (= Diervilla middendorffiana var. Maximowiczii )

• The Imperial St. Petersburg Botanical Garden for 200 years of its existence (1713-1913). Part 3. - P. , 1913-1915. - S. 349-360.
• Lipshits S. Yu. K. I. Maksimovich // Domestic physical geographers and travelers. - M. , 1959. - S. 236-241 .

• Maksimovich Karl Ivanovich in the "Botanical Surnames" section of sakhalin.ru website (Retrieved October 16, 2008)
• Maksimovich, Karl Ivanovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907. Retrieved November 23, 2008
• Maksimovich, Karl Ivanovich - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .