Gobi ( Mong. Gov , whale. 戈壁 , pinyin : Gēbì , pall .: Gebi ) is a vast region in Central Asia (in Mongolia and China ), the third largest hot desert in the world, characterized by desert and semi-desert landscapes . Gobi extends over 1600 km from south-west to north-east and 800 km from north to south. The area is 1,300,000 km².
| Gobi | |
|---|---|
| Mong. Speak , whale. 戈壁 | |
 | |
| Specifications | |
| Type of | rocky, sandy |
| Length | 1600 km |
| Width | 800 km |
| Square | 1,300,000 km² |
| Location | |
| Country |
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Since ancient times, this area was known as the “desert of Shamo” [1] .
In order to prevent the expansion of the desert by the government of China, the Green Wall of China project is being implemented.
Many remains of various dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals were discovered, for example, velociraptors , protoceratops , tarbosaurs and sauroloffs . The most famous is the discovery of “Flying Dinosaurs” that clutched and died during the collapse of the velociraptor and the protoceraptops.
Content
Name etymology
The word "gobi" is of Mongolian origin and means "waterless place." This word in Central Asia means desert and semi-desert landscapes.
Geography
Gobi extends from the mountains of Altai and the Tien Shan in the west to the North China Plateau in the east; in the north of the Gobi goes into the steppes of Mongolia, in the south the region is bounded by the mountains of Nanshan and Altyntag and the Yellow River . In terms of the desert areas, the Gobi is the largest desert in Asia .
Regions
Gobi includes several geographic regions: Trans-Altai Gobi, Mongolian Gobi, Alashan (Alashan Gobi), Gashunskaya Gobi and Dzungaria (Dzungarian Gobi).
Trans-Altai Gobi
The Trans-Altai Gobi - a desert located in southwestern Mongolia, is part of the Gobi desert chain. It is bounded by the Mongolian Altai in the north and the mountains of Tas-Bogd and Tsagan-Bogd in the south. It occupies the Ingeni-Khobur closed drainless depression at an altitude of 700–1800 m (minimum height of 532 m), crossed by dry channels of temporary streams (saury). The soil is rocky, in places sandy-gravelly.
Sparse vegetation ( saxaul , ephedra, and others), near a few springs there are reed beds , tamarisk , jida , poplar leafs , camel's thorn , and saltwort on swampy, saline areas.
In the Trans-Altai Gobi, the antelope gazelle , the kulan survived, a wild camel is occasionally found, and the gobi bear is found in the mountains.
Mongolian Gobi
Mongolian Gobi (Shamo) - the largest desert in the composition of the Gobi, located in Mongolia, in the middle of the Peshan mountain range, occupies part of the eastern Dzungaria . The majority of the population are nomadic Mongol and Oirat tribes. Like the rest of the Gobi, the desert is sparsely populated.
Rare Gobi endemics have survived in the desert.
Alashan
Alashan is a desert in Central Asia (China), a composite region of the Gobi Desert (“Alashan Gobi”). Bounded by the Nanshan Mountains in the southwest, the Yellow River in the southeast; in the north, in the region of the Mongolian-Chinese border, it passes into the Mongolian Gobi . In its composition there are sandy massifs Badin-Jaran , Holalis , Tenger and Ulanpuho .
Gashunskaya Gobi
Gashunskaya Gobi is a plain between the eastern spurs of the Tien Shan and the Hami basin in the north and the Beishan mountains in the south, in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. It is part of the Gobi Desert.
The relief is gently undulating, with a complex labyrinth of wide valleys separated by flat hills and rocky manes of relative height up to 100 m. Stony, partly pebble, waterless desert; in closed depressions - salt marshes . The climate is sharply continental; absolute maximum temperatures in summer up to +40 ° C, absolute minimum in winter up to −32 ° C. Rainfall less than 50 mm per year. Vegetation is very sparse; on temporarily moistened beds - single bushes of tamarisk , Zaisan saxaul, saltpetre ; annual solyanka. Among the animals are gazelle, a wild donkey - kulan jigetai, a wild camel, rodents and reptiles are abundant.
Dzungaria
Dzungaria ( Mong. Zargar , whale. Каз , Kazakh. Zhokaria , Uig. جۇڭغار ئويمانلىقى ) is a desert in Central Asia, in northwestern China, a composite region of the Gobi desert ("Dzhungar Gobi"). It is bounded by the Mongolian Altai mountains in the north and east and Tien Shan in the south. The extreme east of the desert passes into the Mongolian Gobi . The area is 777,000 km². It includes Dzosotyn-Elisun , Kurbantongut , Karamaly, Kobbe and others.
On the territory of the desert was Dzungarian Khanate .
Climate
The average annual temperature +1 ° C - + 9 ° C. Precipitation; 50–150 mm. The climate of the Gobi Desert is sharply continental, due to the large area of the desert depends on the elevation difference above sea level; temperature fluctuations are extreme in nature: winters are not only very cold, but are also accompanied by strong winds, and summer is also extremely hot, in winter the temperature can drop to −55 ° C, in summer - rise to +58 ° C . The amplitude of temperatures in the Gobi is 113 degrees .
See also
- Bolshoy Gobii Reserve
- Gobi Tien Shan
- Mongolian paleontological expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences .
Notes
Literature
- Gobi (desert) // Brockhaus and Efron Small Encyclopedic Dictionary : 4 tons. - SPb. , 1907-1909.
- A. Voeikov. Gobi, deserts // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.