Arctic Tern [1] ( lat. Sterna paradisaea ) is a species of small birds from the gull family (Laridae) [2] .
| Arctic Tern |
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| Scientific classification |
|---|
| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
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| International scientific name |
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Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan , 1763 |
| Area |
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 Nesting Migration routes Wintering |
| Security status |
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Least ConcernedIUCN 3.1 Least Concern : 22694629 |
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Content
The length of the bird is 36β43 cm, the wingspan is 74β84 cm. It is white in color, with a black cap and gray mantilla, the tail is thymus, strongly carved. In spring and summer, the beak turns red. The paws are short, because of which it walks overloading. Nests in colonies on rocks or on beaches. Monogamous couples are formed for life. They fly 10-12 m from the surface of the water, hunt fish , crustaceans , mollusks , insects , and earthworms . Berries can also be eaten at nesting sites [3] .
Arctic tern nests in the polar regions, on the islands and peninsulas of Northern Europe, Greenland , Siberia , Alaska , Canada . Winters in the Southern Hemisphere in the subantarctic and Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean and its environs [3] .
Due to these flights between the Arctic and the Antarctic, the bird watches two summers each year (Arctic and Antarctic) and sees more daylight than any other living creature on Earth.
In Scotland, wildlife sanctuaries are organized in which Arctic Tern is included in the list of protected species:
- Moses Island, 767 pairs, 1.7% of the UK population (1994) [4] .
- Papa Stour Island, 1,000 pairs, 2.3% of the UK population [5] .
- Cape Samboro Head , 700 pairs, 1.6% of the UK population (1994) [6] .
- Fula Island, 1,100 pairs, 2.5% of the UK population (1992-1996) [7] .
The Arctic Tern is the only bird migrating seasonally from the Arctic to the Antarctic , and over the course of a year it overcomes the distance to a record 70 thousand kilometers [8] . One-way flight lasts about a month .
Individual individuals of this species fly over 80 thousand kilometers per year [9] . A polar tern lives 20β25 years (maximum life expectancy is 34 years [10] ), that is, during its life a bird flies a distance equal to the Moon and back three times [11] .
- β Boehme R. L. , Flint V. E. The Bilingual Dictionary of Animal Names. Birds. Latin, Russian, English, German, French / Ed. ed. Acad. V. E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. lang., "RUSSO", 1994. - S. 92. - 2030 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00643-0 .
- β Coursers, noddies, gulls, terns, auks, sandgrouse : [ eng. ] / F. Gill & D. Donsker (Eds). // IOC World Bird List (v 8.1). - 2018 .-- DOI : 10.14344 / IOC.ML.8.1 . (Retrieved March 24, 2018) .
- β 1 2 Sterna paradisaea (English) . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
- β The reserve of "Mousa" .
- β Papa Stur Nature Reserve .
- β Samboro Head Reserve .
- β The reserve "Fula" .
- β Membrana: The bird with the farthest annual flight was named .
- β PNAS: Tracking of Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea reveals longest animal migration .
- β Length Champion: Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisae) .
- β World's Longest Migration Found - 2X Longer Than Thought (neopr.) . National Geographic Society (January 12, 2010). Date of treatment August 19, 2016.
- Ryabitsev V.K. , Ryabitsev A.V. Birds of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: a guide-determinant. - Yekaterinburg: Publishing House of the Ural University, 2010. - 448 p. - ISBN 978-5-7996-0507-0 .
