Brody

The city is located within the Brodovskaya plain, through its southern part flows a small river Bovdurka (right tributary Styr ). Brody lie near the border of Galicia and Rivne. Until 1918, the state border between Austria-Hungary and Russia passed in its vicinity. Such a specific location of Brody has long made the city a kind of free economic zone, where international trade was booming.

Important railways and highways pass through Brody. The Druzhba and Odessa-Brody oil pipelines are jointed at Brody .

Church of St. George (Yuri) in Brody (1625)

Jewish Cemetery at Brody

The first written mention in 1084 in the "Instructions of Vladimir Monomakh ...". The settlement was located on the border of Galician and Volyn principalities.

In 1441 he passed to the Polish nobleman Jan Seninsky. Since 1511 , it belongs to Kamenets-Podolsk governors. In 1584 , Brody was bought by Stanislav Zolkiewski , a Belzky voivode. He received from King Stephen Batory the right to found a city with Magdeburg Law and founded the city of Lubich (in honor of the family coat of arms). But the name of the city Lyubich did not stick and in less than 10 years the city was again called (according to documents) Brody.

In 1629 , from Zolkiewski Brody transferred to Stanislav Konetspolsky, who in 1631 occupied the position of great hetman of the Crown Rzecz Pospolita (the third person in Poland after the king and chancellor) and turns Brody into his residence. Under the project of the French engineer de Boplan , under the supervision of Andrea del Acqua, Brody is transformed into a fortress city. The layout was made according to the plan of the “ideal city”. Brody was surrounded by an earthen defensive wall of teardrop shape with ten bastions. The defense system of the city was crowned by Brodsky Castle (built according to the New Holland system), located on the western outskirts of the city. The castle has the shape of a pentagon with bastions at the corners. The city was a serious military base of the Poles during the liberation war of B. Khmelnitsky. Reflected the Tatar-Turkish aggression in the second half of the XVII century.

After the partition of Poland, Brody moved to Austria. It was a border town with the Russian Empire. From 1779 to 1880 , Brody had the status of a “free trade city”, “ porto-franco ” ^[3] . It was the second most important city (after Lviv ) of Galicia.

Until 1918 , the border between Austria-Hungary and Russia passed near Brody.

Until 1939 , Brody were part of the Second Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth.

In the Polish Republic

On September 1, 1939, German troops attacked Poland , and the German-Polish war of 1939 began . ^[four]

On September 17, 1939, the Red Army of the Soviet Union crossed the Polish border. The hike ended with the signing on September 28, 1939 of the Treaty of Friendship and the border between the USSR and Germany. ^{[4] [5]}

October 27, 1939 established Soviet power. ^[five]

In the Soviet Union

C on November 14, 1939 as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics .

On June 22, 1941, German troops attacked the USSR, and the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 began .

In June 1941 , the greatest tank battle in history - the Battle of Dubno - Lutsk - Brody - took place on the fields under the city.

June 30, 1941 occupied by the German Nazi troops. ^[6]

Formed from local volunteers "security police" on July 12, 1941, 250 Jews from among the local intelligentsia were shot. On January 13, 1942, a ghetto was created in Brody, where all the surviving local Jews were driven (6458 people). In the Brodsky ghetto, an underground organization operated in 1942, headed by former soldier of the Polish Army Samuel Weiler. The group established contact with the underground workers of the Lviv ghetto, as well as members of the People’s Guard. Ivan Franko . The purpose of the underground workers was to create a common partisan detachment with the underground workers of the Lvov ghetto. To this end, the group began building bunkers in neighboring forests. Due to the provocation of the invaders, this attempt failed. In the fall of 1942, about 5,000 Jews from the ghetto were taken to the death camp in Belzhets, and 500 Jews were killed on the spot. In the winter of 1942-43, most of the people who remained in the ghetto died of typhus and famine, and at the end of January 1943 the ghettos were liquidated, and the Jews who remained by this time were killed. Since February 1943, the city of Brody declared cleared of Jews . ^[7]

In July 1944 , for the first time, the SS Division "Galicia" entered the battle with the units of the Red Army . In persistent battles in the Brodovo cauldron she almost completely perished.

On July 17, 1944, it was liberated by the Soviet troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front during the Lvov-Sandomir offensive operation, 13.07-29.08.1944 : The 13th Army was part of the troops of the 172nd division ( Major General Krasnov, Anatoly Andreevich ) of the 102nd CK (Major General Puzikov, Ivan Mikhailovich ). ^[6]

The troops that participated in the breakthrough of the enemy’s defense in the Lviv direction , during which Brody and other cities were liberated, by order of the Supreme Commander IV On July 18, 1944, Stalin was thanked, and a salute was given in Moscow with 20 artillery volleys from 224 guns. ^[6]

In 1968, 13.6 thousand inhabitants. There were: a garment factory, butter and canning factories; Pedagogical College. ^[eight]

In 1969, the city, the center of the Brody district of the Lviv region of the Ukrainian SSR. J.-D. station. Highway junction on Rivne, Ternopil, Lviv. ^[eight]

• Brodovsky Museum of Local History (Pl. Svoboda, 5), which is located in the house of the former county headquarters of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
• remains of a medieval fortress ( XVII century ) (in the area of ​​Shkolnaya-Zamkova Street).
• Potocki Palace on the territory of the fortress (with exhibition halls of the museum).
• Church of the Virgin in 1600 .
• Trinity Church with a bell tower in 1726 .
• Church of sv. George (Yuri) XVI - XVII centuries with an iconostasis in the rococo style (its safety is unknown at this time).
• The ruins of the Great Brodovo synagogue in 1742
• Architectural ensembles of Golden and Maidan Freedom streets.
• Gymnasium building, 1883
• Former court, 1910 (now Brodovsky Pedagogical College named after M. Shashkevich).
• People's House (the beginning of the XX century.)
• Villas and palaces of the early 20th century.
• The monument to M.I. Kutuzov was dismantled on February 24, 2014 ^[9] .

• Chernogil, Vitaly Bogdanovich , b.1977, - philanthropist, philanthropist, scholar, inventor.
• Chernyshov, Alexey Vladimirovich , p. 1962, PJSC "KAMAZ"
• Joseph Roth (1894–1939) - famous Austrian writer.
• Israel Zolli (1881–1956) was a rabbi who converted to Catholicism in 1945 .
• Stepan Tudor (real name Oleksyuk) (1892-1941) - Ukrainian Soviet writer, poet, essayist and communist activist in Galicia, Ph.D., studied at a local gymnasium.
• Itzhak Kahan (1913-1985) - 6th Chairman of the Supreme Court of Israel .
• Amalia Nathanson (1836–1930) is the mother of the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud .
• Yaroslav A. Voshchak (1921–1989) - conductor, People’s Artist of the USSR (1979)
• Hiller, Johann (1754–1819) - Baron, General-Field Marshal of the Austrian Service, Commander of the Order of Maria Theresa.
• Kovalsky, Vasily Damianovich (1826–1911) - Galician-Russian public and political figure, lawyer, writer, author of books for children.
• Baller, Adolf (1909–1994) - Austro-American pianist.
• Bernstein, Natan Osipovich (1836-1891) - Russian doctor, scientist-physiologist.
• Krokhmal, Nakhman (1785–1840) - religious philosopher, theologian, writer, early figure of the Haskala movement.
• Jozef Kozhenevsky (1797–1863) is a prominent Polish writer, professor at Kiev University.
• Oleg Laponogov (born 1963) is a musician of the Tabula Rasa group.
• Novozhilov Alexander Sergeevich (b. 1948) - Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation in the State of Bahrain in 1993-98.
• Valery Basanets (b.1941) - Honored Artist of Ukraine, member of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine.
• Pavel Shvaika (1893-1943) - Orthodox priest, sv. Holy Martyr Kholmsky and Podlyashsky Pavel.
• Sadan Dov (Berl Stock) (1902–1989) - Israeli Hebrew and Yiddish literature researcher, writer and translator, member of parliament, laureate of the State Prize of Israel.
• Bardah Maurice (Marco) (1882-1962) - an agent of Soviet foreign intelligence, lived in Berlin, Paris, died and was buried in Switzerland.
• Bogutsky Karol Antonovich (1868-1942) - the Catholic figure.
• Gershon Bar Abraham Kutover (1696-1761) is a Jewish religious leader, one of the closest students of the founder of Hasidism.
• Sergei Nikolayevich Stepura (b.1958) - Major General, Head of the Federal Security Service Directorate of the Russian Federation in the Arkhangelsk Region.
• Babich, Valery Georgievich (r.1953) - politician, businessman, people's deputy of Ukraine.
• Yanovsky, Daniel Abraham (1925-2000) - Canadian chess player, grandmaster, lawyer.
• Raabe, Joseph Ludwig (1801-1859) - Swiss mathematician.
• Otto Hausner (1827–1890) - Polish historian, politician.

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  Prosecutor's office

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  College of Education

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  Manor of Tyszkiewicz

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  Clock tower

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  Manor Potocki

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  Administration building

• The common Jewish surname Brodsky comes from the city of Brody.
• The roots of the famous writer Isaac Babel in Brody.
• In 1841 ^[10] Jews, who came from Brody, built a new synagogue in Odessa , which was named Brodsky.
• The future Russian commander Peter Ivanovich Bagration , participating in the Polish campaign of A. V. Suvorov (1794), distinguished himself in battles near Brody.
• In 1869, the Lviv-Brody railway line was laid.
• At the end of March 1915, Emperor Nicholas II conducted an inspection of the Galician Governor-General. March 27, 1915 he visited Brody and Lviv.
• In 1920, for a short time, the headquarters of the First Cavalry Army was located in Brody.
• March 9, 1944 in the village of Boratin near Brody, Soviet intelligence officer Nikolai Kuznetsov was killed.
• Soviet pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, Guchyok Petr Iosifovich in the area of ​​the town of Brody on July 3, 1944 shot down two German planes from an air cannon, and the third one rammed .

• Brody, a city in Poland
• Brody // The Brockhaus and Efron Jewish Encyclopedia . - SPb. 1908-1913.
• Voeikov A.I. Brody / / Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 add.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Brody // Encyclopedias of the History of Ukraine in 10 tons / editor: V.A. Smoliy (head) and in. ; Institute of History of Ukraine NAS of Ukraine. - K.: Science. Dumka, 2003. - V. 1: A - V. - P. 379. - ISBN 966-00-0734-5 .
• Brody (1) // Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich - Warszawa: Filip Sulimierski i Władysław Walewski, 1880. - T. I: Aa - Dereneczna. - S. 372-375.
• Brodie // Encyclopedias of Ukrainian Ukraine: 30 tons / ed. count І. M. Dzyuba [ta i.]; NAS of Ukraine, NTSH, Coordinating Bureau of the Encyclopedia of Ukraine Ukraine of the NAS of Ukraine. - K., 2003¬ – 2016. - ISBN 944-02-3354-X .

• Official site of the Brodovsky district state administration (ukr.)
• Train schedule for Brody station
• Brody - information and reference site (ukr.)
• Castles and temples of Ukraine. Brody Brody and district (ukr.)
• Brody - unofficial site (not updated) (in Ukrainian)
• Brody during the time of Austria-Hungary: Brody - Brody - בראָד
• The history of the town of Brody - Jewish version