Ilya Egorovich Gruzinov (1781-1813) - professor of anatomy, physiology and forensic medicine at Imperial Moscow University , who discovered in 1812 that tracheal membranes can serve as a source of human voice.
| Ilya Egorovich Gruzinov | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | 1781 |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | January 20 ( February 1 ) 1813 |
| Place of death | Baruny, Vilnius province |
| A country |  Russian empire |
| Scientific field | anatomy , physiology |
| Place of work | Imperial Moscow University |
| Alma mater | Moscow University (1801) Medical and Surgical Academy (1802) |
| Academic degree | doctor of medicine (1804) |
| Known as | discovered that tracheal membranes can serve as a source of human voice |
Content
Biography
Ilya Gruzinov was born into a family of a rural priest. He studied at the Moscow Theological Academy . In May 1798, he was accepted from the students of the philosophical class of the Academy to the medical faculty of Moscow University , whose course he graduated in 1801. He continued his studies at the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy ; in it in 1802 he received the title of candidate of medicine, in May 1803 he passed a doctoral exam, in September 1804 he defended his thesis "De galvanismo ejusque usu in praxi medica" ("On Galvanism and its Application in Medical Practice"), and in April 1805 years was awarded the degree of doctor of medicine. In May 1805 he was accepted as an adjunct to Moscow University and was sent to Western Europe for further education. Until 1809 he studied at the universities of England, France and Germany, mainly anatomy and chemistry; in England perfectly studied English.
Since 1809, as an adjunct, he began to give lectures on the structure of the human body at the medical faculty of Moscow University; since 1811 - an ordinary professor, head of the department of anatomy, physiology and forensic medicine.
During the Patriotic War of 1812 he entered the Moscow People’s Militia with the rank of headquarters healer [1] ; participated in the battle of Borodino .
He died in a military hospital from typhus (according to other sources - from a fever due to overwork) in January 1813 in the Vilnius province.
Human Sound Anatomy
I.E. Gruzinov made the main discovery of his life during anatomical work on the bodies of the dead soldiers of the Battle of Borodino . He found that when blowing through the membrane walls of the trachea, sounds independent of the vocal cords appear, resembling the voice of animals [2] ; he wrote:
“By doing experiments on the bodies of the dead, inflating the respiratory throat through its branches and pulling the membrane (membrane) several times I produced a perfect voice in them without any pulling of the laryngeal vocal cords ... A human voice is born in the chest at the lower end of the respiratory throat (trachea), through the back membranes of the trachea (membrane) connecting the cartilage cells thereof ... " [3]
- Buchel V.N. The ABC of resonant singing (the basics of sound extraction). - Minsk, 2005
Conclusions from the work of Gruzinov are of interest for unraveling the secrets of the great singers and the development of methods for teaching singing [4] .
Other works
- Description of London Hospitals
- "On inflammation of the brain cured by ice"
Fluent in English, he compiled and published English grammar; worked on preparing an English dictionary.
Notes
- ↑ Dictionary of Doctors, 1885 , p. 50.
- ↑ Gruzinov I.E. A Word on the Newfound Place of Origin of the Voice in Man and Other Animals / Speech delivered at the ceremonial meeting of the Imperial Moscow University on July 2, 1812 - [M. : Univ. typ., 1812].
- ↑ The membrane in the trachea is the main source of speech and singing sound
- ↑ Kudryavtsev E. Mystery of the Chaliapin phenomenon // Neva . - 2005. - No. 6 .
Literature
- Gruzinov, Ilya Egorovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Koshtoiants Kh.S. Essays on the History of Physiology in Russia. - M., 1946. - S. 98-101.
- Volkov V.A., Kulikova M.V. Moscow professors of the 18th - early 20th centuries. Natural and technical sciences. - M .: Janus-K; Moscow textbooks and cartolithography, 2003. - S. 71. - ISBN 5-8037-0164-5 .
- Imperial Moscow University, 1755-1917: Encyclopedic Dictionary / [Comp. A. Yu. Andreev, D. A. Tsygankov]. - M .: Russian Political Encyclopedia (ROSSPEN), 2010. - S. 198. - ISBN 978-5-8243-1429-8 .
- Dr. honey Zmeev Lev Fedorovich. A dictionary of doctors who received a doctorate in medicine (and surgery) from Imperial Moscow University until 1863. - St. Petersburg: Tip-lit. V.G. Apostolova, 1885. - 67 p.
Links
- Gruzinov Ilya Egorovich . Chronicle of Moscow University . Date of treatment August 29, 2017.