Khoy Khanate

Like other Azerbaijani khanates , the Khoy Khanate was formed on the territory of Iranian Azerbaijan after the death of Nadir Shah and the collapse of his power in 1747. The basis of the new state was the hereditary possession of the Kurdish clan Dumbuli. ^{[2] The} khanate was founded by Ahmed Khan from this noble family. Until 1805, the Khoy district was the hereditary ulka of the Kurdish ^[3] tribe of the Dumbuli, and this territory, as well as the annexed Selmas, became the basis for the formation of a new state entity - the Khoy Khanate.

Until the 17th century the leaders of the Dumbuli tribe did not have the titles of the Sultan and Khan and were content with the modest title of Bek. Khoy at the end of the XVI-beginning of the XVII century. did not belong to the head of the Dumbuli tribe. But already in the list of emirs of 1628 near Iskender Munshi we meet the name of Salman Khan of Dumbuli, the ruler (hakim) of the Khoy and Salmas districts. The other branch of the same dynasty, established in Bargushet (in Zangezur, in Armenia), where Maksud-sultan dumbuli, hakim of Bargushet ruled then, was also mentioned in the same list. Since then, the head of the Dumbuli tribe hereditarily ruled Hoyem and constantly carried the title of Khan. Under Nadir Shah (1736-1747) Murtaza-kuli-khan dumbuli, hakim Khoy and Dumbuli, and Ali-Nagi-khan dumbuli, hakim Bargushet are mentioned. In the second half of the XVIII century. we again see the mention of both Hakims from the Dumbuli tribe, with the titles of khans. The dynasty of descendants of Haji-bek, known by the name of the Khoyks of Khoy and Dumbuli, kept in their hands Khoi and neighboring districts until the beginning of the 19th century, when the representative of this dynasty, Jafar-kuli-khan Khan Dumbuli, transferred to the service of Russian tsarism, moved to northern Azerbaijan and received in 1806 from Alexander I the Khanate of Sheki. Officially, the Shah government considered the leaders of the Dumbuli tribe only Hakims, that is, the rulers and holders of the Ulk and the share of the rent-tax, but these Hakims themselves looked at Khoi and Sukmanabad as the hereditary possessions of their tribe (Ojak-i Mouroussiy-e and taifei-i dumbuli). ^[four]

During the second half of the 18th century, the most powerful Azerbaijani khans tried to subjugate their neighbors, and as a result of one of such clashes, the Khoy Khanate was subordinated to the most powerful of the khanates - the Urmian Khan - Fatali Khan Afshar. In 1748, he united the Urmian, Tabriz, Khoy, Karadag and Sarab khanates. ^[5]

Until 1813, the khanate retained relative independence. In 1813 it was annexed by Persia and finally lost its independence. ^[2]

In many extant modern sources, Khoy and Selmas , along with Nakhichevan , are indicated as a region in which one of the national heroes of the Azerbaijani people acted, a fighter against the oppressors of the poor - Koroghlu, who fought with the arbitrariness of the nobility and Iranian rule. Tax harassment of shahs, uprisings and punitive expeditions to the Khoy-Selmas region and to the northern regions of Shirvan and Sheki - all this brought the Azerbaijani peasantry to an extreme degree of ruin. As the Azerbaijani peasants lived during the years of the Iranian-Turkish wars, the inscription in the Persian language of 1145 is narrated. (1732/3 AD), carved over the portal of the mosque of the village of Vanand in the Nakhchevavsk Territory.

"There was extreme crop failure and poverty, so mana wheat cost 400 dinars, rice - 800 d., Oil - 2800 d., Honey - 3200 d., Grape juice ( doshab ) - 2400 d., Cheese - 1600 d., Dried grapes - 2400 d., barley - 350 d., apricots - 800 d., garlic - 1200 d., cotton - 400 d., watermelon seeds - 5000 d. [per mana] by the weight of tilan ... There was real hell due to hunger and the oppression by different needs of unlucky time, so that over the course of one year the village of Vanand and its close neighbors were attacked and robbed three times, and many believers - men and women - were killed and Ans in captivity (asir gerdide), and other God's servants, having dispersed and crossed the river Aras (Araks), settled in the villages of that bank.And in those days of domination of an unfavorable combination of planets, trade was also stopped.

The “historical” Kör-oglu operated in Azerbaijan. Traditions point to the Nakhchivan region and the Salmas-Khoi region (in Iranian Azerbaijan), as the places where he acted the most. Near Salmas there are ruins of a castle built according to the legend of Kör-oglu. It is possible that one of the leaders of the Jalali movement took on the name of Kör-oglu, popular due to a legend that had prevailed.

• Ahmed Khan - 1763-1786
• Jafargulu Khan - 1786-1797
• Huseyngulu Khan - 1797-1813

Khoy khans had close family ties with the Erivan, Sheki, Karabakh and Ganja khans. ^[6]

In 1806, Alexander I transferred the Sheki Khanate to Jafargul Khan, who had emigrated from Iranian Azerbaijan, and the former Khoy khan who settled in Sheki with part of his tribe. He ruled the khanate from 1806 to 1814. After the death of his son and successor Ismail Khan in 1819, the Sheki Khanate was abolished by the tsarist government.

• Fatali Khan Khoysky - 1875-1920 ^[7]
• Iskender Khan Khoysky - lieutenant general of the army of the Russian Empire.

• Hoi An (city)

1. ↑ “In Safavi times, Azerbaijan was applied to all the Muslim-ruled khanates of the eastern Caucasian as well as to the area south of the Araz River as fas as the Qezel Uzan River, the latter region being approximately the same as the modern Iranian ostans of East and West Azerbaijan. ” Muriel Atkin, Russia and Iran, 1780-1828. 2nd. ed. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press Press, 2008, ISBN 0-521-58336-5
2. ↑ ^{1 2} Iran
3. ↑ Ilya Pavlovich Petrushevsky : “Essays on the history of feudal relations in Azerbaijan and Armenia in the 16th – early 19th centuries”, pp. 17, 23, 24, 45, 55, 68, etc.
4. ↑ I.P. Petrushevsky, Essays on the history of feudal relations in Azerbaijan and Armenia in the 16th - early 19th centuries, Leningrad State University, 1949, p. 56
5. ↑ A. S. Sumbatzade , Azerbaijanis - Ethnogenesis and Formation of the People, Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR, Baku, 1990
6. ↑ Khoy (Iran)
7. ↑ Fuad Akhundov Fatali Khoyski - Prime Minister (1875-1920) Azerbaijan International , vol. 6.1, Spring 1998