Chigirin

The city is located on the Dnieper Upland on the banks of the river Tiasmin ^{[1] [3]} , 63 km from Cherkasy .

There are several versions of the origin of the name of the city. The new settlement is named for the Ukrainian word “chagarnik” (bush), that is, Chyhyryn - “sheltered in the bushes”. However, the most likely is the version of the origin of the name of the city from the Tatar name Chigir. In addition, in the artifacts of those times, Chigir-Batyr is mentioned. This version is confirmed by the possessive suffix -in in the name of the city.

The village has been known since the 16th century ^{[1] [4]} as a fortified Cossack wintering place ^[3] .

In 1589, the Polish king Sigismund III allowed the Cherkasy headman A. Vishnevetsky to found a city here and build a castle ^[4] .

In 1592, Chigirin received the Magdeburg right and the right to hold fairs, in the XVII century. became the center of Chigirinsky starostva ^[4]

In 1638-1647 Chigirin centurion of the registered Cossack army was Bogdan Khmelnitsky .

In 1649-1657 the city was the hetman residence ^{[1] [3]} . In 1657, after the death of Khmelnitsky, the Chigirin Rada was held ^[4] .

In 1661, Chigirin was besieged by Yuri Khmelnitsky with Polish-Turkish troops, in 1664 the hetman Bryukhovetsky's troops besieged the city for several weeks ^[4] .

During the Russian-Turkish war of 1676−1681. as a result of the second siege by the Turkish army in 1678, it was destroyed by Turkish-Tatar troops ^{[3] [4] [5]} - the hetman residence was transferred to Baturin .

In 1750, the city was destroyed by the Haidamaks ^[4] .

After the second section of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1793, Chigirin became part of the Russian Empire ^[5] and in 1795 became the city of Voznesensk province ^[3] , in 1797 became the city of Kiev province , since 1802 became the county city of Chigirinsky district ^[4] .

In the village there was the Holy Cross Church. The priests of the Holy Cross Church ^[6] :

• 1834 - priest Andrei Petrovich Charnogub-Bolsunovsky, priest Aggey G. Gornitsky;
• 1871 - Priest Jeremy Semenovich Obydovsky.

In 1876 - 1877 a group of populists (Ya. V. Stefanovich, L. G. Deich, I. V. Bokhanovsky, S. F. Chubarov) attempted to organize here an uprising of the peasants (the beginning of which was scheduled for October 1, 1877), but in August 1877 were arrested ^{[1] [3] [5]} .

In 1900, the population was 10,098 people, there were 2 tanneries and 12 other commercial and industrial establishments, a quarry, a city public bank, one steam and 28 windmills, a county hospital with 3 doctors and a pharmacy, a printing house, a library, a photographic institution. , 2 city two-year schools, as well as 7 churches, a convent and 4 Jewish prayer houses ^[4] .

In 1957, there were several local industrial enterprises, two secondary schools, a seven-year school, an elementary school, a youth working school, and an accounting technical school ^[5] .

In 1978, a furniture factory, a leather goods factory, a fur factory, a furniture factory, a brick factory and a food products factory operated here ^[3] .

In January 1989, the population was 12,883 people ^{[1] [7]} .

In May 1995, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the decision on the privatization of metal fittings in the city ^[8] , agricultural machinery and agricultural chemistry ^[9] , in July 1995 - approved the decision on the privatization of Chigirinenergotransstroi ^[10] .

In accordance with the resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine dated December 7, 2011, in 2012, the 500th anniversary of the founding of Chyhyryn was celebrated and a commemorative coin was issued dedicated to this event ^[11] .

As of January 1, 2013, the population was 9,371 people ^[12] .

The economy of the city is represented by enterprises of the light and food industries.

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  The emblem of the city with a description, 1852.

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  View of Chigirin, 1902.

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  View of Chigirin, 2004.

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  Commemorative coin "Hetman capital Chigirin"

The city is located 36 km from the railway station Fundukleevka ^[1] (on the line Znamenka - named after Taras Shevchenko) ^[3] and 8 km from the pier Adamovka.

The nearest airport is in the city of Cherkasy.

The city road P-10 (Kanev-Chigirin-Kremenchug) passes through the city. At present, only route number 2 of the AP "Elena" runs on Chigirin - ul. Mira (New Chigirin). There is also a minibus Chigirin - Kiev, developed communication with the regional centers of Cherkasy and Kirovograd regions.

In the city there is a monument to Bogdan Khmelnitsky (1967), a local history museum. The Khmelnitsky Palace, the town hall and the Savior Church (XVII century) have not been preserved. On Zamkova (Bogdanova) mountain remnants of fortifications of the 16th – 17th centuries remained, the hetman’s residence was restored (1649–1657, see photo).

Currently, a historical museum complex is under construction. As part of the complex, a chapel of the Holy Protection was built, in which the remains of 263 Cossacks and residents of Chigirin, found at the site of a former cemetery of the 17th century, were reburied.

• Vasyura, Grigory Nikitovich (1915-1986) - war criminal, chief of staff of the 118th Shutsmanshafta battalion who participated in the destruction of the village of Khatyn .
• Doroshenko, Pyotr Dorofeevich (1627-1698) - hetman of the Zaporizhia Army on Right-Bank Ukraine in 1665-1676.
• Zhabko-Potapovich, Lev Savvovich (1890-1975) - Ukrainian religious and public figure, Baptist pastor. Spiritual Writer.
• Nazarenko, Vasily Andreevich (1908–1991) - Soviet chemist. Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Ukrainian SSR, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR.
• Raevsky, Boris Nikolaevich (1893-1974) - biophysicist.
• Sikorsky, Mikhail Ivanovich (1923–2011) - General Director of the National Historical and Ethnographic Reserve “Pereyaslav”, Kiev region, Hero of Ukraine.
• Yushchenko, Ekaterina Logvinovna (1919–2001) is a cybernetic, the author of one of the world's first high-level programming languages ​​(“Address Programming Language”). Corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, twice winner of the State Prize of Ukraine, winner of the Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, winner of the V. Glushkov Prize.
• Yakovlev, Andrei Ivanovich (1872–1955) - Ukrainian socio-political and statesman, law historian, teacher, professor, diplomat. The head of the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile (1944-1945).
• Yarovoy, Mikhail Martynovich (1909−1978) - Soviet worker of sea and river transport, Hero of Socialist Labor.

• Bastion Doroshenko

• Documents to the Chigirinsky case // Pologoe , No. 12, 1906
• Bogdanov A. P. How Chigirin was abandoned: the motives for making strategic decisions in the Russian-Turkish war of 1673-1671. // Military Historical Anthropology. Yearbook 2003/2004. New scientific directions. M. 2005. p. 174-192.
• Gorishniy P. A. The Cossack cemetery in Chigirin: Archaeological material (translated from Ukrainian) // Journal Samizdat (samlib.ru) 11/21/2010.

• http://ukrainaincognita.com/ru/zamky-y-kreposty/chygyryn
• http://chigirinzapovidnyk.org.ua/