Labor service is a voluntary opportunity or a statutory obligation to perform socially useful labor (usually low paid or not paid at all).
Content
History
RSFSR and USSR
In the RSFSR, labor service was introduced by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of October 5, 1918 , according to which compulsory labor was established for "bourgeois elements . " The Labor Code (Labor Code) adopted on December 10, 1918 established labor service for all citizens of the RSFSR . The decrees adopted by SNK on April 12, 1919 and April 27, 1920 , forbidden the unauthorized transition to a new job and absenteeism. According to the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of January 29, 1920, “On the procedure for universal labor service,” the entire working-age population, regardless of the permanent job, was involved in various labor tasks. A decree by the Defense Council established the Main Committee on Universal Labor Service (Glavkomtrud) headed by Dzerzhinsky . In 1920-1921, on the basis of the departments of a number of armies of the Red Army , labor armies were created, which called for civilians. Under the military command, these armies were involved in carrying out business tasks (doing surplus, logging, restoring transport and production infrastructure, etc.) [1] After the economic collapse of the policy of accelerated building of communism and the transition to the NEP , the use of labor service was reduced. The Labor Code of the RSFSR of 1922 allowed for the use of labor service for dealing with natural disasters, with a shortage of manpower to fulfill the most important state tasks.
G. A. Solomon described the effect of labor service in Moscow:
Most of them were non-partisan, or Soviet-style "bourgeois" - ladies, girls, young and old men .. All of these were representatives of the real intelligentsia, educated, cultured and, of course, truly deprived , although at that time such a legal term did not exist ... In addition to the service, there was also “labor service”, which again fell on the “bourgeois” with all the oppression, the whole burden, because the “comrades” always found loopholes to escape with their families from this serfdom ... Returning home "bourgeois" had to perform more different nificant work. There were no janitors in the requisitioned houses, and all the dirty work of cleaning the courtyards and streets, of raking snow, dirt, garbage, and sweeping the sidewalks and streets had to be done by the "bourgeois". And besides, they also, in order of labor duty, were dressed up for work on cleaning public gardens and various public places, at railway stations for unloading, overloading and loading cars, for cleaning station tracks, for cutting firewood in suburban forests, etc. For work outside the home of the Soviet, "free" citizens were collected at a certain point, from where they, under the escort of the Red Army men, went to the work places and did everything that they were forced to ... As a reward for their work, each time they finished work (not always) received one pound of black bread. And now, while passing through the streets of Moscow, you could see such pictures: a group of women and men, young and very old, under the supervision of burly Red Army men with rifles in their hands, raking or transporting trash, sand, etc., on hand trolleys |
In the USSR, labor service also acted during the Great Patriotic War .
Germany
In Germany, labor service was first organized in the 1920s on a voluntary basis, including with the aim of collecting young people of different backgrounds. With the advent of the National Socialists to power, labor service in Germany became mandatory. The law of June 26, 1935 declared labor service mandatory for all German citizens between the ages of 19 and 25 within the framework of the established Imperial Labor Service ( Reichsarbeitsdienst ). Twice a year, all young Germans went to work in labor camps, mainly for agricultural work . For 6 months, the men worked on farms and fields, and the women helped with the housework.
Norway
In occupied Norway, labor service was organized by the Administration Council in the summer of 1940 to assist forestry and agriculture and construction.
Hungary
In Hungary, labor service was organized during World War II by engaging young men of Jewish and Gypsy origin.
See also
- Labor Army
- War communism
- Dying off of money
Literature
Notes
- ↑ Tsys V.V. Labor armies during the Civil War. Nizhnevartovsk, 2009