Donetsk metallurgical plant

1869-1917

In 1866, the government of the Russian Empire entered into an agreement with Prince S.V. Kochubey , according to which the prince undertook to build a plant for the manufacture of iron rails in the south of the Russian Empire. In 1869, S.V. Kochubey sold the concession to John Hughes for £ 24,000 .

In 1869, Hughes began the construction of a metallurgical plant with a working village in the area of ​​the village of Aleksandrovka ^[2] .

The first blast furnace was built on April 24, 1871, and on January 24, 1872, the plant of the Novorossiysk Society of Coal, Iron and Rail Production produced the first cast iron ^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} .

In "Mining Journal" for 1889 the oldest plan of the NRA plant at the moment was published. In addition to the location of industrial facilities, the first, one-story house of John Hughes, built by the Hughes family in 1874, is also indicated on this plan. Now this place is located on the territory of the metallurgical plant, near the administrative building of the electric steelmaking and crimping workshops, next to the monument "In honor of the smelting of a 100 millionth ton of steel on December 24, 1967."

In 1901, a social democratic circle was created at the plant ^[2] .

Factory workers took an active part in the 1905 revolution ^[3] .

The plant worked on a full metallurgical cycle, here for the first time in the Russian Empire, 8 coke ovens were launched, hot blast was mastered. The plant became one of the industrial centers of the Russian Empire.

In 1908-1913, 1916-1917, the outstanding metallurgist M.K. Kurako worked at the plant.

In 1917, 25 thousand people worked at the plant, mines and mines of the company ^[5] .

On March 5 (18), 1917, the Council of Workers' Deputies was created in Yuzovka, which included workers at the plant, after which an 8-hour working day was established at the enterprise ^[4] . In the autumn of 1917, the company established operational control, prevented attempts by the plant's administration to stop the enterprise, and continued coal mining and production. A detachment of factory workers was sent to fight Kaledin. In the future, the factory workers took an active part in the establishment of Soviet power in the Donbass ^{[2] [5]} .

1918-1991

In April 1918, in connection with the advance of the German-Austrian forces, a significant part of the equipment and materials of the Yuzovsky plant was evacuated to Tsaritsyn (Volgograd), detachments of workers retreated along with the Red Army ^[5] .

May 24, 1918 the plant was nationalized ^[5] .

Under the conditions of German occupation, in May 1918, an underground organization of the RCP (b) headed by E. Severyanov began work at the plant, and in July 1918, an underground factory committee of six people started its work at the plant ^[5] .

In December 1919, Soviet power was restored in Yuzovka, on January 30, 1920, a working board of all enterprises of the former "Novorossiysk Coal, Iron and Rail Production Society" (headed by M. S. Titov) was established and the restoration of the plant began. On July 6, 1921, the first blast furnace was re-launched; by the end of 1921, production at the plant was restored ^[5] .

In 1924, the plant was named after I. V. Stalin ^[4] .

During the industrialization of the USSR, the plant was reconstructed on a new technical basis ^{[2] [5]} . In the first five-year period, the plant introduced mechanization and a bunker loading system for blast furnaces, and technical re-equipment began. In 1936, the reconstruction of the plant and the construction of the open-hearth workshop were completed, the sheet-rolling and section-rolling workshops were mechanized, and a new powerful blooming was commissioned in place of the old rail-rolling workshop ^[4] .

During the Great Patriotic War, the plant was almost completely destroyed (immediately before the start of the battle for the liberation of the city, on September 6 - 7, 1943, the underground workers operating at the plant, led by I.I. Kholoshin, began to actively preserve the plant - with the help of the liberated Soviet prisoners of war and assistants from the factory guards, they disarmed the plant’s guards, occupied and kept the warehouses, a garage, a telephone station and a special workshop of the plant from destruction) ^[6] , but already in the autumn of 1943 the restoration of the plant began and, after the war ended, the plant was reconstructed and expanded ^[3] .

The restoration of the plant began immediately after the end of the battle for the city and on February 14, 1944 the plant gave the first smelting of steel from the open-hearth furnace, and in March 1944 the rolling mill and the first blast furnace were commissioned. For success in the restoration of the plant in 1944-1946. the enterprise was awarded 10 times with the passing Red Banner of the GKO of the USSR (which was subsequently transferred to the plant for eternal storage) ^[4] .

Dear Joseph Vissarionovich!
The workers of the Stalin Metallurgical Plant in the Donbass, inspired by the victorious offensive of the Red Army, raised from their personal funds 1.400.000 rubles to the defense fund of our beloved Motherland. We ask you to spend these funds on the construction of the Metallurg Donbass air squadron and transfer it to the 4 Ukrainian Front, whose troops liberated our native Donbass, the city of Stalin and the factory from the fascist yoke.
Director of the factory ANDREEV .
Secretary of the district committee of the Communist Party (b) LEBEDEV .
Party organizer of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks at the VANSYATSKY factory.
Chairman of the factory committee KIRYUSHIN .

I ask you to convey to the workers of the Stalin Metallurgical Plant, who collected 1,400,000 rubles for the construction of the Metallurg Donbass air squadron, my brotherly greetings and thanks to the Red Army.
The desire of the workers of the Stalin Metallurgical Plant will be fulfilled.
I. STALIN
The newspaper Pravda, March 19, 1944.

In 1950, the plant restored the pre-war level of smelting pig iron, steel and metal production ^[2] .

In 1952, for the first time in the world, a steam evaporative cooling system for elements of open-hearth furnaces was installed at the plant ^[2] , for the development and implementation of which two workers of the plant became laureates of the Stalin Prize ^[4] .

Also, in the IV five-year period, the plant mastered the production of half-bulb profiles and spring strip for Pobeda cars ^[4] .

In 1955, the Museum of the History of the DMZ was opened.

In 1960, a four-jet machine for continuous casting of steel blanks was commissioned at the plant ^[2] . Also, in 1960, the plant, among the first enterprises of the USSR, mastered the smelting of cast iron on natural gas (for this achievement, the director of the plant I. M. Ektov and the head of the blast furnace plant G. A. Panev in 1960 were awarded the Lenin Prize ) ^[7] .

On February 7, 1966 ^{[8] the} plant was awarded the Order of Lenin ^{[1] [2] [3]} .

In 1967, the plant received a new name: "named after V. I. Lenin" ^[3] .

In 1970, the plant smelted 5.9 times more cast iron, 5.3 times more steel and produced 5.5 times more rolled steel than in 1913 ^[3] . Also, in 1970, the Zhivye - immortal memorial was built in honor of the DMZ workers who died in the Great Patriotic War.

In 1972, the plant was awarded the Order of the October Revolution ^{[1] [2] [3]} .

In 1974, a 950/900 crimp mill was built at the plant ^[2] .

As of the beginning of the 1980s, the main products of DMZ were cast iron, steel, as well as high-quality and sheet metal from high-quality and alloy steel ^[2] .

As of the beginning of 1986, the plant was one of the largest industrial enterprises in Donetsk, the main products of the enterprise were steel, cast iron, sheet metal and long products ^[1] .

1991-2013

In August 1997, the plant was included in the list of enterprises of strategic importance for the economy and security of Ukraine ^[9] .

In 1998, the plant was certified for the first time as a manufacturer of steel and semi-finished products from it ( slabs and ingots of open-hearth production from carbon and carbon-manganese steel grades of normal and high strength) according to the rules of the English Lloyd Register ^[10] .

In August 2002, on the basis of the blast furnace and open-hearth shops of the Donetsk Metallurgical Plant, the company Donetskstal CJSC, a metallurgical plant, was established. The company specializes in the production of:

• foundry and pig iron ;
• more than 100 varieties of carbon, structural, low alloy, alloyed ordinary quality, high-quality and high-quality steel grades;
• church bells made of high-quality non-ferrous alloy;
• steel electric-welded straight-line pipes and metal furniture frames;
• slag-forming mixtures, granulated slag and building materials.

GL-A and GL-B grades of marine structural steel of normal strength are certified according to the rules of German Lloyd ^[11]

In 2003, the church of St. Ignatius of Mariupol was built on the territory of the plant.

The plant completed 2013 with a net profit of 83.322 million hryvnias.

Since 2014

The outbreak of hostilities in eastern Ukraine in 2014 complicated the activities of the enterprise. As a result, the plant ended 2014 with a net loss of UAH 4,871.533 million. In the first nine months of 2015, the plant produced 426 thousand tons of pig iron and 1,664 million tons of “K” grade coal concentrate, but losses continued to increase ^[12] .

In June 2016, the leadership of the DPR introduced external management at the plant, by which time its communications and a significant part of the equipment had become unusable due to repeated shutdowns and long downtime ^[13] .

Also in June 2016, the state enterprise "Yuzovsky Metallurgical Plant" was opened on the basis of the Donetsk Electrometallurgical Plant (DEMZ). The YuMZ industrial complex is located on the same territory as the Donetsk Metallurgical Plant, which, in turn, is located immediately in three areas of the DPR capital - Voroshilovsky, Budenovsky, Leninsky ^[14] .

Re-launched in October 2017 ^[15] .

In 2018, DMZ began to supply products to Turkey, Iran and Syria. ^[sixteen]

It was created in 1955. Located in the "House of Technology". The idea of ​​creation belongs to the director of DMZ Pavel Vasilievich Andreev. The museum has more than 3,000 exhibits. In 1971, the museum was awarded the title of the people. Among the exhibits are a certificate of products manufactured by the plant in 1900, originals of photographs of the Nizhny Novgorod industrial exhibition of 1896 and others.

On February 16, 2012, a branch of the Museum of the History of the Donetsk Metallurgical Plant, which is dedicated to Ignatius Mariupolsky, was opened on the lower floor of the St. Ignatievsky Church ^[17] .

June 17, 2004 in the park area of ​​the plant was opened playground "Town of smiles" ^[18] . In the "town of smiles", a sports and playground, a railway for children, and a zoo containing a mouflon , a two-humped camel , a pony , a donkey, a home - baker, a collared raccoon , a striped raccoon , a red- headed duck , a scruffy duck , a mandarin duck , and a Caroline were arranged duck , stove , musky duck ( indoutka ), red-headed duck , nutria , ostrich nandu , shrub valabi , macaque lapunder , macaque rhesus , Romanian pheasant, trogopan pheasant , hens , golden pheasant, royal pheasant , common peacock , guinea fowl , gray nymphs , about Peregrine parakeets , Demoiselle crane , Kingi , strassers , curly-haired pigeons , dolts , trumpeters , porcupine , Cameroonian goat , llama , spotted deer, European doe , maned ram , savannah zebra , bison .

• Volodin G.G. In the wake of history. Essays from the history of the Donetsk Order of Lenin Metallurgical Plant named after V.I. Lenin. - Donetsk: Donbass , 1967 .-- 352 p. - 20,000 copies.
• Overview of the work of the Stalin Metallurgical Plant / Comp. I. M. Ektov . ─ M.: TsIINCHM, 1960. ─ 24 s. ─ (Ser. 10 “Technical and economic reviews of the work of the leading enterprises of the iron and steel industry” / Central Institute of Information of the Iron and Steel Industry).

• Site of the plant (neopr.) . Archived December 5, 2012.
• Donbass is a southern mining region. M., Transpechat NKPS USSR, 1928.
• V.P. Tereshchenko. According to the update plans. Donetsk, Donbass Publishing House, 1982. - 84 pp.
• How to restore our factory. The history of the evacuation and return of the Donetsk Metallurgical Plant (neopr.) (Inaccessible link - history ) .
• Donetsk metallurgical plant on the site "Donetsk: history, events, facts" (neopr.) . Archived December 5, 2012.
• Donetskstal: blast furnace production, photo report (neopr.) . Archived December 5, 2012.
• Donetskstal: production of church bells, photo report (neopr.) . Archived December 5, 2012.
• The last open-hearth furnace stopped working
• About bowels and Yuzah. The plan of the Yuz factory in 1889.
• The first house of Hughes and the mold.
• After launch, the Yuzovsky Steel Plant will be able to monthly produce about 30 thousand tons of steel (neopr.) .