Poronisk , Jap. 敷 香 (from 1905 to 1945 Sisuka or Sikuka) - the city of the RSFSR (since 1946) and the Russian Federation, the administrative center of the municipality of the Poronaisk urban district . Most of the city is located on the right bank of the western mouth of the Poronai River.
City | |||||
Poronaysk | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A country | Russia | ||||
Subject of the federation | Sakhalin region | ||||
City District | Poronaysky | ||||
Mayor | Radomsky Alexander Mikhailovich [1] | ||||
History and geography | |||||
Based | 1869 | ||||
Former names | until 1905 - post Tikhmenevsky before 1946 - Sisuka (Sikuka) | ||||
City with | 1946 | ||||
Square | |||||
Center height | 3m | ||||
Timezone | UTC + 11 | ||||
Population | |||||
Population | 38 15 388 [2] people ( 2019 ) | ||||
Katoykonim | poronitsy | ||||
Digital identifiers | |||||
Telephone code | +7 42431 | ||||
Postcode | 694240, 694241 | ||||
OKATO code | 64430 | ||||
OKTMO code | |||||
Population - 15 388 [2] people. (2019).
History
In August 1869, the Russian settlement Post Tikhmenevsky was founded in the neighborhood of the villages of the Nivkhs , Ainu and other local peoples, named after M. P. Tikhmenev , the military governor of the Maritime Region in 1880-1881. Earlier in the settlements on the western shore of Lake Neva (in the Taraika area) an annual fair was held, where indigenous people (Tungus, Yakuts, Amur Gilyaks), Russians, Japanese (who came to fish for junk) traded. "Ensign AP Shishmarev was appointed head of the newly established post in the Gulf of Patience." The post, initially located at the mouth of the Poronai and Chernaya rivers, was a military settlement for the protection of coastal waters and became an intermediate point between southern and northern Sakhalin. Subsequently, he moved along the bank of the Black River and finally, by 1905, entrenched in its present location. The main population of the post were convicts who had served time [3] .
In 1890, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov visited the post, which is reflected in his book “Sakhalin Island” . In 1904 and 1905, the ethnographer Bronislav Pilsudsky visited the settlements of Tikhmenevsky and Taraika.
According to the Portsmouth Peace Treaty of 1905 , together with the southern part of Sakhalin up to the 50th parallel, it became part of Japan , in 1945 it was returned to the USSR . In Japanese, the city was called Sikuku (敷 香, from Ainu shikukka) - large, wide. The name of the river Poronay is translated from the Ainu language as “big river” [4] . In Carafuto, Sisuca was the first city located south of the 50th parallel during the times of the governorship of Carafuto. A paper mill with a capacity of 22,500 tons of paper per year was built in the city (it was modernized into a pulp and paper mill in Soviet times and operated until the 1990s). In the area worked coal mine Naykawa. The city was under the administration of the Japanese administration until the liberation of South Sakhalin by Soviet troops in August 1945. At that time, about 11 thousand people lived in Shikuka. After 1945, a sulphate-alcohol factory, a fish cannery, a garment factory were built (it operated until the mid-1990s).
Population size
Population | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1925 [5] | 1935 [6] | 1959 [7] | 1967 [8] | 1970 [9] | 1979 [10] | 1989 [11] |
1373 | ↗ 19,463 | ↗ 21,570 | ↗ 23,000 | ↗ 23,610 | ↗ 24,669 | ↗ 25,971 |
1992 [8] | 1996 [8] | 1998 [8] | 2000 [8] | 2001 [8] | 2002 [12] | 2003 [8] |
↗ 26,100 | ↘ 23,900 | 800 22,800 | ↘ 21,800 | ↘ 21,500 | ↘ 17 954 | ↗ 18,000 |
2005 [8] | 2006 [8] | 2007 [8] | 2008 [8] | 2009 [13] | 2010 [14] | 2011 [8] |
↘ 17,400 | ↘ 17,100 | ↘ 16,900 | ↘ 16,700 | ↘ 16,565 | ↘ 16,120 | ↘ 16,100 |
2012 [15] | 2013 [16] | 2014 [17] | 2015 [18] | 2016 [19] | 2017 [20] | 2018 [21] |
↘ 15,768 | ↘ 15,476 | ↘ 15,251 | ↗ 15 262 | ↘ 15,174 | ↗ 15 311 | → 15 311 |
2019 [2] | ||||||
↗ 15 388 |
As of January 1, 2018, the city’s population was in 783 out of 1,113 [22] cities of the Russian Federation [23] .
Economy
- Industry
Pulp and paper (built before 1945) and a cement plant were closed and liquidated in the city. The Poronaysky TsBZ poured most of the liquid waste products into the Poronaya tributary, the Black River, which had a very negative effect on the ecosystem of the entire floodplain. The solid waste of the pulp-and-paper mill and the coal-fired power station were dumped into numerous waste heaps located to the north of the city.
The leading role in the economy of the district is played by the fuel and energy and fish industries. The fuel and energy complex is represented by regional enterprises: Sakhalin TPP , which supplies most of the island’s regions with electricity and the coal mining enterprise OOO Sakhalinugol-7.
The city has a fur farm "Poronaisk", in which minks and arctic foxes were raised. The State Farm was awarded the Order "Badge of Honor" , was a repeated student of the USSR Exhibition of Economic Achievements . As of today, the Poronaysky Fur Farm is not engaged in mink and arctic fox divorce, but is engaged only in fish processing.
Fish A significant amount of all products accounted for the fishing farm "Friendship". Also on the territory of Poronaysky District there are more than 30 enterprises engaged in the fishing industry, relatively large are: LLC Musson, LLC Bereg, LLC Zaliv, p / k Nevskoye. In 2008, the catch of fish and other seafood amounted to 24.1 thousand tons. The fishing enterprises of the urban district took part in the 12th international specialized exhibition “Fishing Industry – 2008”, winning four medals and fifteen diplomas for the quality of products.
Food . Poronaisk has a developed dairy and bakery industry. Poronaysky Dairy Plant OJSC (awarded with the Sakhalin Oblast Food Industry Leader badge) produces whole milk and sour milk products in tetrapacks, sour cream, ice cream, butter, cottage cheese, yogurt with fruit and berry supplements. Products are in demand in other areas of the region. Poronaysky Bakery OJSC provides the population of the district with bread and bakery products, confectionery products.
- Business
In the city district there are 191 retail outlets, 12 catering establishments and 7 wholesale enterprises. The total turnover in 2008 amounted to 2011.5 million rubles.
- Building
After 20 years of stagnation in the late 2000s, the construction industry began to work again. Construction work in the district is carried out by the Poronaysk road repair and construction management (DRSU), Remstroi LLC, Stroitel LLC, Teplostroy LLC, and Grazhdanstroi. In 2011, the first residential building with 12 apartments was commissioned.
- Transport
The city has a sea port at the mouth of the Poronai River. The Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk-Okha highway and the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk-Nogliki railway line ( Poronaysk station) pass through the city.
About 80% of the volume of freight traffic in the district is accounted for by road. There are 26 motor transport enterprises operating in the district, the largest of them are CJSC Poronayskaya Avtobaza, ATP, ATP-1, ATP-2, ATP-3. By bus routes, the city is connected with the villages of Vostok, Leonidovo, Gastello, Tikhmenevo, Matrosovo, Malinovka, Zabaykalets and MO "Vakhrushev".
A minor part of the city, the so-called. Sachi district ( Jap. 佐 知 Sati ) is located on the left bank of the Poronai River, in the south-west of the river island at the mouth of the river. There is no bridge across the mouth, communication with this area is through a car-passenger ferry. A narrow-gauge railway to the village of Trudovoi began from Sachi [24] . The movement of trains on it was discontinued in 2004, until 2010 it was used for the movement of improvised railcars. It was finally dismantled after 2012.
Culture and Education
The city has a central library, the Poronaysky Museum of Local Lore, with 68,000 exhibits, a children's art school, a leisure center, a children's art center, a children's art school. Educational institutions: Sakhalin Polytechnic Center No. 3 (SPT No. 3), Technological Lyceum for Small Indigenous Peoples, five secondary schools, a correctional boarding school, an evening school for working youth.
City Day has been celebrated since 2001, on every third Sunday of August.
The Poronay folk choir entered the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (Vol. 24, III h, p. 477).
Ethnographic ensemble of small peoples of the North “Mengum ilga” - “Silver patterns” (first leader A. Ukrainian). The team has repeatedly demonstrated folk art abroad (in Japan, Canada), performed in Moscow. Since 1998, the team leader - E. Pannik.
Medicine
In the city there are:
- Central District Hospital
- City Polyclinic,
- children's Hospital,
- railway clinic,
- dental clinic.
Sports
There is a children's youth sports school, the Avangard sports complex, a chess club, a volleyball section, and a weightlifting section. Until the 1990s, there were several football teams of enterprises of the city who participated in the city championship, now there is one amateur club, Smena. In Poronaisk twice passed the open cup of Russia in the Far Eastern Federal District in powerlifting (powerlifting). Athletes of the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krai, Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin regions and the Chukotka Autonomous Region took part in it.
Attractions
- State Nature Reserve Poronaysky.
Climate
The city of Poronaysk is equated to the regions of the Far North .
Poronaysk has a moderate monsoon climate with frosty clear winters and cool rainy summers.
- The average annual air temperature is 0.5 ° C
- The average annual relative humidity of the air is 79%. The average monthly humidity ranges from 70% in January and February to 91% in July.
- The average wind speed is 3.4 m / s. The average monthly speed is from 3.0 m / s in July to 3.7 m / s in October [25] .
The climate of Poronaysk (norm 1981—2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicator | Jan. | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sen | Oct. | Nov. | Dec | Year |
Absolute Maximum, ° C | 2.0 | 5.1 | 12.7 | 19.5 | 33.5 | 33.1 | 36.2 | 35.0 | 29.0 | 21.3 | 16,1 | 8.4 | 36.2 |
Average temperature, ° C | −15,8 | −13.9 | −7,2 | 0.1 | 4.7 | 9.5 | 13.6 | 15.7 | 12.1 | 5.2 | −4,5 | −13 | 0.5 |
Absolute minimum, ° C | −39,8 | −39,1 | −34,2 | −23,5 | −7,1 | −2,1 | 0.3 | 1.0 | −3.3 | −13,2 | −29,8 | −35,4 | −39,8 |
Precipitation rate, mm | thirty | 23 | 42 | 58 | 70 | 58 | 85 | 108 | 112 | 99 | 52 | 39 | 776 |
Source: [26] [27] |
The climate of Poronaysk | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicator | Jan. | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sen | Oct. | Nov. | Dec | Year |
Absolute Maximum, ° C | 2.0 | 5.1 | 12.8 | 19.2 | 33.5 | 33.9 | 36.2 | 35.0 | 28.9 | 21.9 | 16,1 | 8.4 | 36.2 |
Average maximum, ° C | −9.7 | −8,5 | −2,5 | 2.9 | 8.1 | 13.8 | 16.6 | 19.8 | 17.1 | 10.1 | 0.4 | −8,1 | 5.0 |
Average temperature, ° C | −14,6 | −14,5 | −7,1 | −0,1 | 4.6 | 10.1 | 13.9 | 16.2 | 12.3 | 5.4 | −4,1 | −13,1,1 | 0.7 |
Average minimum, ° C | −20,8 | −22,2 | −13,7,7 | −3.9 | 1.0 | 6.3 | 10.9 | 12.3 | 6.7 | −0,1 | −9.4 | −19,1 | −4,3 |
Absolute minimum, ° C | −39,8 | −39,1 | −34,2 | −23,5 | −8,1 | −2,1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | −3.3 | −17,2 | −29,8 | −35,4 | −39,8 |
Precipitation rate, mm | 21 | 21 | 33 | 48 | 69 | 71 | 85 | 99 | 126 | 82 | 56 | 33 | 744 |
Source: World Climate Climatebase.ru Thermo Karelia.Ru |
Twin Cities
- Kitami ( Japan ) since 1972
Heraldry
The first emblem of Poronaysk appeared on May 16, 1998. The author of the coat of arms is the artist N. G. Iksanov.
Notes
- ↑ Election of the mayor of Poronaysky urban district
- ↑ 1 2 3 Estimated population in the context of municipalities as of 01/01/2019, and the average for 2018 . Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for Sakhalin Region (April 22, 2019). The appeal date is April 25, 2019. Archived April 25, 2019.
- ↑ Vysokov M. S., Golubev V. A., Kozhukhova T. M., Kolesnikov N. A., Lopachev A. M., Tvarkovsky L. S. The history of the Sakhalin region from ancient times to the present day. - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Sakhalin Regional Printing House, 1995. - 272 p.
- ↑ Galtsev-Bezuk, S. D. Toponymic Dictionary of the Sakhalin Region . - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Far Eastern book publishing house. Sakhalin Branch, 1992. - 218 p. - ISBN 5-7440-0136-0 .
- ↑ Karafuto Governorate Administration. Results of the 1925 census: Households and population . - Toyohara , 1926. - pp. 18-27. - 30 s.
- ↑ Karafuto Governorate Administration. Results of the 1935 census: Households and population . - Toyohara , 1936. - P. 15-19. - 25 s.
- All-Union census of 1959. The urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by sex . Demoscope Weekly. The date of circulation is September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Folk encyclopedia "My city". Poronaysk
- ↑ 1970 All-Union Population Census The urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by sex. Demoscope Weekly. The date of circulation is September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1979 All-Union Population Census. The urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by sex. Demoscope Weekly. The date of circulation is September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
- All-Union Population Census 1989. Urban population . Archived August 22, 2011.
- ↑ All-Russian population census of 2002. Tom. 1, table 4. The population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements — regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3,000 or more . Archived on February 3, 2012.
- ↑ The resident population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and districts as of January 1, 2009 . The date of circulation is January 2, 2014. Archived January 2, 2014.
- ↑ 2010 All-Russian Population Census. Sakhalin region. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements . The appeal date is July 28, 2014. Archived July 28, 2014.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated number of resident population on January 1, 2012 . The date of circulation is May 31, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M .: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) . The appeal date is November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
- ↑ Table 33. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 . Circulation date August 2, 2014. Archived August 2, 2014.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 . Circulation date August 6, 2015. Archived August 6, 2015.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). The date of circulation is July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018 . The appeal date was July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2018.
- ↑ taking into account the cities of Crimea
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018. Table “21. Population of cities and towns in federal districts and subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2018 ” (RAR-archive (1.0 Mb)). Federal State Statistics Service .
- ↑ Narrow-gauge railway Poronaysk - Labor
- ↑ Directory "Climate of Russia"
- ↑ FGBU "VNIIGMI-WDC".
- ↑ Absolute maximums and minimums of temperature for all the time of observation from the directory "Climate of Russia"
Literature
- On the shore of the Gulf of Patience: Poronaysk - 135 years / Comp. A.V. Tarasov. - Khabarovsk: “Amur Vedomosti”, 2004. - 96 p.
- Names in the history of Poronaysk: bibliography / Comp. E.V. Anokhina. - Poronaysk, 2006. - 222 p.