Smirnov, Igor Nikolaevich

Born on October 23, 1941 in the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky , in a family of employees. Father - Nikolai Stepanovich Smirnov (1914-1952) - Honored Teacher of the RSFSR School, worked as a school principal and head. City Department of Education in the city of Zlatoust, Chelyabinsk Region, repressed . Mother - Z. G. Smirnova (born in 1916) - a native of the city of Satka , worked in the media, as well as the director of the Palace of Pioneers of the city ​​of Zlatoust, the editor of the large circulation "Builder". ^[6]

Education and work

Youthful years passed in Zlatoust. After graduating from a vocational school, he worked at the Zlatoust Metallurgical Plant . According to the Komsomol permit, he left for the construction of the Kakhovskaya hydroelectric station ^[7] .

From 1959 to 1987 he worked at the Novaya Kakhovka Electric Machine-Building Plant as a welder, planer, grinder, universal turner, head of the forge shop, large electric motors shop, deputy chief engineer for technical re-equipment and introduction of new equipment, deputy director for production. ^[8] .

In 1963, drafted into the army. He served in Balashikha , near Moscow , in the first special forces army, in the air defense forces ^[8] .

In 1974 he graduated from the Zaporizhzhya Engineering Institute , a mechanical engineer. Member of the CPSU ^[8] .

Since November 1987, lives in Tiraspol , MSSR .

From 1987 to 1990 - Director of the Elektromash Tiraspol Plant.

Political Activities

In 1990, he was elected in the 125th district to the Supreme Council of the MSSR and in the 32nd district to the Tiraspol City Council. Since April 1990 - Chairman of the Tiraspol City Council of People’s Deputies after being elected as a deputy with 86 votes (64%) against 48 votes for his rival, the first secretary of the Tiraspol City Committee, L. V. Turcan ^[8] .

In June 1990, at the first congress of deputies of all levels of Transnistria, he was elected Chairman of the Coordinating Council for the socio-economic development of the region. At the second congress, on September 2, 1990, which proclaimed the formation of the Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublika, he was elected chairman of the Provisional Supreme Council of the Primary Soviet Socialist Republic, then chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Permanent Socialist Republic.

On November 29, the composition of the delegation of Transnistria, headed by I. Smirnov, was approved for a meeting with President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev .

On December 13, 1990, the Moldovan prosecutor's office issued arrest warrants for 3 deputies of the Tiraspol City Council, including I. Smirnov, on the fact of resistance to the fulfillment of the requirements of the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova.

On February 9, 1991, he was elected the head of the republic by a session of the Supreme Council of the PMSSR ( Grigory Marakutsa was elected chairman of the Supreme Council instead).

March 17, 1991 held a referendum on the territory of Transnistria on the preservation of the USSR , banned by the Moldovan authorities on its territory.

On August 19, 1991, he approved of the creation of the State Committee on the State of Emergency (GKChP) in Moscow , but did not manage to express official support for it to the Primorsky Soviet Socialist Republic because of the quick defeat of the gekachepists.

On August 28, 1991, he left for negotiations with Ukraine for the purpose of negotiations, was captured on August 29 in Kiev by the Moldovan police and taken to a Chisinau prison (earlier the Moldovan police arrested several more deputies and leaders of the local Councils of Transnistria and Gagauzia, accusing them, like I. Smirnov, first in aiding the GKChP , and then in incitement and calls for disobedience to the legitimate authorities). On October 1, 1991, he was released with other detained deputies after the 4th Congress of Transnistrian deputies announced an ultimatum to Moldova on September 2, 1991 , declaring that it would stop supplying electricity to Moldova (approximately 96-98 percent of all electricity in the republic), and the initiative group of Tiraspol women organized the so-called "rail war", completely blocking the Chisinau - Odessa railway. In the period from August 29 to October 1, 1991, his duties as the head of the republic were performed by Andrei Panteleevich Manoilov .

In January 1992, he assumed the duties of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the PMR , after he was elected President of Transnistria in December 1992 (during the armed conflict in Transnistria in 1992 he commanded the armed forces of the PMR).

July 21, 1992 in Moscow signed a trilateral agreement with the President of Moldova Mircea Snegur and the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin "On the peaceful settlement of the armed conflict in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova", as well as the protocol on the conduct of the separation forces in the conflict zone ^[9] .

In 1992, he became one of the founders of the Commonwealth of Unrecognized States (CIS-2) , which included Transnistria , Abkhazia , South Ossetia , Nagorno-Karabakh , the Republika Srpska in Bosnia and Serbian Krajina in Croatia (after 1995, CIS-2 showed no signs of life, but at the end of 2000, it partially revived in the form of a “council of foreign ministers of the newly formed republics”).

Since September 1993, in parallel with the presidency, he took the post of Prime Minister of the PMR.

On May 8, 1997 in Moscow signed a four-sided memorandum “On the Basis of Normalization of Relations between the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria” (together with the President of Moldova Petro Lucinschi , the President of Russia Boris Yeltsin and the President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma ). ^[ten]

At the end of 2003, I. N. Smirnov participated in the negotiations organized by Moscow between the PMR and Moldova. During the negotiations, the Russian side proposed its own version of the settlement of the Transnistrian conflict, developed by Dmitry Kozak , Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, and called the Kozak Memorandum . According to this document, the creation of an “asymmetric federation” was envisaged, in which the central power remained with Moldova, and Transnistria was granted the widest possible autonomy. However, in the end, the memorandum was rejected by Moldovan President Vladimir Voronin as infringing on the sovereignty of Moldova and turning it into a confederation. After that, Igor Smirnov said that the unification of Moldova and the PMR is impossible.

On March 3, 2006, the Ukrainian leadership announced that only those cargoes from the PMR that had been cleared in Moldova through their border were passed, which actually meant the beginning of a trade blockade of the unrecognized republic. I.N. Smirnov accused Ukraine and Moldova of political pressure on Transnistria. At the same time, he emphasized that the continuation of the blockade would cause a humanitarian catastrophe in the region. March 16 , after the intervention of the Russian Foreign Ministry , the blockade was lifted.

On June 14, 2006, at the summit in Sukhumi, the leaders of the unrecognized states of Transnistria, Abkhazia and South Ossetia - Igor Smirnov, Sergey Bagapsh and Eduard Kokoity - signed a declaration of cooperation. This document spoke about the intention of the unrecognized republics to create joint peacekeeping forces in the event that Russian peacekeepers are withdrawn from conflict zones. In addition, the document emphasized the desire of the three post-Soviet territories to develop relations with Moscow.

In August 2011, information appeared in the press that the Main Investigative Department of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation began checking the distribution of financial assistance that Russia had provided the PMR since 2006. The media wrote that the RF IC suspected that funds were being transferred to the account of AKB Gazprombank CJSC, whose chairman of the board of directors in 2004-2008 was the son of the PMR president Oleg Smirnov, and the president was Oleg’s wife Marina. However, the same publications linked the appearance in the press of this information with the upcoming PMR presidential elections in December 2011, in which Russia, as they wrote in the media, refused to support the candidacy of Igor Smirnov.

During the presidency of Igor Smirnov in the unrecognized republic, a significant place was given to the Ukrainian issue. The Ukrainian language received the status of one of the three state languages ​​of Transnistria, inscriptions in Ukrainian appeared on the currency of the republic , on street signs in some cities.

Opened Ukrainian schools, lyceums and gymnasiums, in the Transnistrian State University. Shevchenko was created the department of the Ukrainian language and literature. Ukrainians had their weekly newspaper "Gomon", Ukrainian television and radio broadcasting ^[11] . Monuments and memorials were built in Transnistria to prominent figures and events of Ukrainian history related to Transnistria - hetman Ivan Mazepa ^[12] , Philip Orlik , Ivan Kotlyarevsky ^[13] and others.

In the last year of his presidency, he also spoke out several times that Transnistria has historically been an integral part of Ukraine, and possibly in the future has a chance to return to the united Ukrainian state.

“In Transnistria they do not forget that ... our region was an organic part of the state, legal, humanitarian space of Ukraine. The first Transnistrian statehood created here subsequently, emphasizing the cultural identity of the region, owed many successes in its development to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. And today, our states have strong cultural and economic ties. Transnistrian Ukrainians believe in the future of Ukraine, maintain close ties with their historical Motherland, and protect their culture and identity. ”

- Congratulatory message to the President of Ukraine on the occasion of the Unification Day of Ukraine January 22, 2011 ^[14]

“In general, this is the territory of Ukraine, frankly. I clarify Soviet Ukraine as part of the USSR. Because Transnistria was the autonomy of the Ukrainian SSR for 16 years. And if you recall even earlier, then these lands were inhabited during the time of the Russian Empire mainly by Zaporizhzhya Cossacks after the liquidation of Sich or serf-fugitives from Ukraine. For example, we have the village of Nezavertylovka, it was founded by fugitives, because there was no extradition from here. Don’t wrap it back, understand? Tsarina Catherine II strengthened the borders of the empire, and the like was allowed. The Black Sea Cossacks settled here ...

In the beginning of the difficult 90s, when a great power collapsed, we gathered with like-minded people at the Kirov plant, in the basement, we were actually under the gun, but did not give in. And they decided to turn to Ukraine with a request to return to its fold. That is, we wanted exactly what you are talking about. But, unfortunately, you know what happened when I arrived in Kiev with an appeal ...

Let the Ukrainian community create order, hold a referendum and that’s it. And if the people decide to be with Ukraine, then so be it. After all, it is society that creates the state. In what form can it be? This is another question. ”

- Interview with Igor Smirnov “Ukraine Young” November 4, 2011 ^[15]

He was elected President of the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic 4 times:

• in 1991 gained 65.4% of the vote.
• in 1996, 71.94% of voters received support.
• in 2001, almost 82% of voters got votes.
• in 2006 received 82.4% of the vote. ^[sixteen]

The results of the PMR Referendum of Independence , held on September 17, 2006 , were a good start to the election campaign. September 18, Igor Smirnov officially announced that he would run for the next term ^[17] .

In 2011, he ran for a fifth presidential term, contrary to the promises of the Russian presidential administration, which opposed this ^[18] . According to the results announced by the CEC of Transdniestria, in the presidential elections held on December 11, 2011, he gained 24.66% and took third place. Thus, he did not get into the second round of voting ^[19] .

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  Public reception of Igor Smirnov

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  Public Reception Smirnova I.N.

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  Campaigning by car

Some time after the election, Igor Smirnov did not appear in public. It was reported that already in 2012 he attended events in the PMR parliament, where he was received quite favorably, and his supporters created a new party ^[20] . Smirnov’s first public speech took place in mid-December in Tiraspol: this was an open lecture, during which he criticized the liberal model of globalization. At the end of the lecture, he announced his return to politics ^[21] .

In 2012, the new PMR president, Yevgeny Shevchuk, accused Smirnov of exporting an unrecognized republic's gold reserves to an unknown destination ^[22] . In response, he said that he did not know what was meant, “when it comes to gold reserves” ^[23] .

In June 2014, he told television reporters that he had retired and was engaged in “pension affairs”. In the same interview, he assessed the situation in Ukraine: “I think the course of events speaks for itself that you cannot kill people and impose your own rules” ^[24] .

According to the regulation of the European Commission 2005/147 / CFSP, a citizen of the Russian Federation Igor Smirnov, his sons Vladimir and Oleg, as well as other leaders of the Transdniestrian Moldavian Republic, are prohibited from entering the EU countries ^[25] .

• Wife Zhannetta Nikolaevna Smirnova (Lotnik)
• The first son, Vladimir Smirnov (born 1961), was chairman of the State Customs Committee of the PMR from September 8, 1992 to December 30, 2011.
• The second son, Oleg Smirnov (born 1967), is the chairman of the Patriotic Party of Transnistria from 2006 to 2010.

• Doctor of Economics , professor , academician of the public organization “ International Academy of Informatization ” ^{[ref. 1]} , ^{[26] [27] [28]} . Moscow City Information Office and the Moscow Aviation Institute have the same actual mailing address ^[28] . The founders of the International Academy of Informatization included the leadership of the Moscow City Directorate, headed by the director of the Moscow City Directorate I. I. Yuzvishin (now deceased) ^{[28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [32]} .
• Full member of the public organization "Academy of Economic Cybernetics of Ukraine" ^[33] , ^[34] , ^[35] .

• Honorary title "The First President of the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic", ( December 30, 2011 )
• Cossack colonel of the public organization " Union of Cossacks of Russia " ^[36]
• “A Man of the Decade 1990–2000” in Transnistria ( 2000 )
• “Honorary Citizen of Tiraspol” - awarded by the decision of the Tiraspol City Council of People’s Deputies on August 23, 2005

Transnistria Awards

• Order of Suvorov I degree ( October 23, 2008 ) ^[37]
• Order of Suvorov, II degree ( August 29, 2017 ) ^[38]
• Order of the Republic
• Order of Merit, I and II Degree
• Order "For personal courage"
• Order of Honor (PMR) (August 28, 2015) - for personal contribution to the establishment and development of the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic and in connection with the 25th anniversary of the founding of the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic ^[39]
• Jubilee Medal “25th Anniversary of the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic” ^[40]

Foreign Awards

• Order “Honor and Glory” of the I degree ( Abkhazia , 2005 ) ^[41]

Confessional Awards

• Order of St. Prince Daniel of Moscow, I and II degrees, ( Russian Orthodox Church )
• Order of St. Sergius of Radonezh, II degree, ( ROC )
• Order “Nativity of Christ” I degree, ( UOC )
• Order of "Saints Anthony and Theodosius of Kiev Pechersk", I degree, ( UOC )

Prizes

• International Prize named after M. A. Sholokhov in the field of literature and art ^[42] .

Awards of public organizations

• Cross “For Service to the Fatherland”, II degree, ( 2001 , Russian Academy of Natural Sciences )
• Order of St. George the Victorious, I degree, ( 2004 , Russian Chamber of Personality)
• Order of Peter the Great, ( 2004 , Russian Chamber of Personality)
• Order of Honor, 1st Degree, ( April 2007 , Council for Public Awards of Russia)
• Order of St. Anne of the I degree, ( 2009 , Russian Imperial House) ^[43] .
• Order “Cossack Glory”, II degree, ( August 2010 , Black Sea Cossack Army ) ^[44] .

• Collection "Living on our Earth", (2001) ^[45]
• “Together with Russia”, (2007) ^[46]
• "Transnistrian character", (2011) ^[47]

• Vaganov A., Pokrovsky V. Title of academician at a reasonable price // Independent newspaper . - February 12, 2003. (inaccessible link)
• Emelianenkov A. I will buy a doctoral. Not a sausage, but a dissertation // Russian newspaper . - March 22, 2002.
• Kondratyev F.V. World Information Forum in Moscow and the Christian Attitude towards Information Science // Orthodox Review "Radonezh". - 2000. - No. 21-22 .
• Kruglyakov E.P. “Scientists” from the Highway // Science in Siberia . - 1999. - No. 34 (2220) . ( copy of article )
• Kruglyakov EP “Do not pass by!” (Speech at the General Meeting of the RAS, May 2000) // Science in Siberia . - 2000. - No. 30–31 (2266–2267) .
• Kruglyakov E.P. What threatens pseudoscience to society? // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences . - M .: RAS , 2004. - No. 1 . - S. 8-16 . copy
• Samples P. A. The alphabet of shambaloids: Muldashev and all-all-all . - M .: Yauza, Pressky, 2005 .-- 288 p. - (AntiMuldashev). - 9000 copies. - ISBN 5-98083-038-3 . Архивная копия от 2 июня 2017 на Wayback Machine
• Пукшанский Б. Я. Глава 9 // История информатики и философия информационной реальности: Учеб. пособие для вузов / Под ред. Corr. РАН PM Юсупова , проф. В. П. Котенко . — М. : Академический проект , 2007. — 429 с. — (Gaudeamus). — ISBN 978-5-8291-0880-9 .
• Сидоров И. Академики в сопоставимых ценах // Газета " Коммерсантъ ". — 21.02.1996. — № 27 (985) . — С. 10 .

• Смирнов Игорь Николаевич «Златоустовская энциклопедия»
• Игорь Смирнов: «Если я мешаю признанию Приднестровья, я уйду» интервью от 26 Ноября 2011 года
• Выборы президента ПМР 2011 видео