Hanover dynasty ( English House of Hanover ) - a dynasty of kings of Great Britain from 1714 to 1901. A branch of the ancient Germanic family of Welfs , who ruled Braunschweig until the beginning of the 18th century . Until 1837, the ruling dynasty (electors, and then kings) of Hanover was also in personal union with Great Britain.
| Hanoverian House | |
|---|---|
 coat of arms of king Hanover | |
| A country | Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Ireland United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Kingdom of Hanover Elector Braunschweig-Luneburg |
| Parent house | d'Este , Wels |
| Founder | Ernst August, Elector of Hanover |
| The last ruler | Hannover : George V of Hanover lost territory in Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War . Braunschweig : Ernst August Braunschweig was forced to recant after the defeat of Germany in World War I. |
| Current chapter | Ernst August V Braunschweig |
| Year of foundation | XVII century |
| Bias | Hannover : 1866 Braunschweig : 1918 |
| Nationality | Germans |
| Titles | |
Empress of India , King and Queen of Great Britain and Ireland , King of Great Britain , King of Ireland , King of France , King of Hanover , Elector of Braunschweig-Luneburg , Archbishop of the Holy Roman Empire , Duke of Braunschweig-Luneburg , Duke of Braunschweig . | |
| Periods of English history | |
|---|---|
| Tudor period | (1485-1558) |
| Elizabethan era | (1558-1603) |
| Jacobian era | (1603-1625) |
| Carolina era | (1625-1642) |
| Civil Wars , Republic and Protectorate | (1642-1660) |
| Stuart Restoration and Glorious Revolution | (1660-1688) |
| UK education | (1688-1714) |
| Georgian era | (1714-1811) |
| Regency | (1811-1830) |
| Victorian era | (1837-1901) |
| Edwardian era | (1901-1910) |
| World War I | (1914-1918) |
| Interwar period | (1918-1939) |
| The Second World War | (1939-1945) |
Much alien to English culture (the first king did not speak English at all), the Welsh were on the British throne thanks to the 1701 Succession Act , which cut off the path to the British crown to all the many Catholics related to the Stuarts .
Content
History
The ancestor of the dynasty was Ernst Augustus (1629–1698), the Duke of Braunschweig-Kalenberg, who belonged to one of the Lüneburg line of the house ( Welfs ), who combined the possessions of several branches of the dynasty in his hands, and in 1692 received the title of Elector of Hanover , which gave the name of the dynasty. He was married to Sophia of Hanover , whose parents were English Princess Elizabeth Stewart and Protestant Frederick V, Elector of Palatinate . Thanks to the Act of Succession of 1701, his son, George Ludwig , in 1714 became king of England (under the name of George I).
The Welfare time, also known as the Georgian era (the first four kings was called Georgians), is a period of strengthening parliamentarism in Britain, the weakening of royal power, and the formation of British democracy. Under them, the industrial revolution took place and capitalism began to develop rapidly. This is the period of the Enlightenment and revolutions in Europe, the war for the independence of the American colonies , the conquest of India and the French Revolution .
Thanks to the accession of the Welfs to the British throne, the astronomer Wilhelm (William) Herschel and the Hanover conductor George Friedrich Handel, who was born in Hanover, were able to continue his activity in England and gain world fame. At the same time, British foreign policy changed its direction and began to be guided by the interests of protecting the Hanover Elector from possible encroachments from outside. This was one of the reasons for the coup d'etat of the alliances and the Seven Years War .
With regard to the XIX century, it is customary to talk not about the Georgian era, but about the period of the Regency (the first third of the XIX century) and the Victorian era - the 64-year rule of Victoria . According to the Salic law, Victoria could not inherit the Hannover throne, therefore from 1837 to 1867 (the year of the annexation of the Kingdom of Hanover by Prussia) in Hanover the descendants of one of the brothers George IV - the Dukes of Cumberland ( Ernst August I and George V ) ruled. Another branch of the family lived in England, bearing the title of Dukes of Cambridge .
Since 1987, the head of the Hanover House has been His Royal Highness Prince Ernst August V of Hanover , Duke of Braunschweig and Luneburg (b. 1954), he is succeeded by his eldest son, Crown Prince Ernst August (b. 1983).
List of Kings
- George I (King of Great Britain) ( 1714 - 1727 )
- George II (king of Great Britain) ( 1727 - 1760 ), son of the previous
- George III (king of Great Britain) ( 1760 - 1820 ), grandson of the previous
- George IV (king of Great Britain) ( 1820 - 1830 ), son of the previous one, regent since 1811
- William IV (King of Great Britain) ( 1830 - 1837 ), brother of the previous
- Victoria (Queen of Great Britain) ( 1837 - 1901 ), niece of the previous
See also
- Georgian architecture
Literature
- Black, Jeremy . The Hanoverians: The History of a Dynasty. - Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006. - ISBN 1-85285-581-9 .