Gunboat , gunboat , cannock ( German: Kanonenboot from Italian: cannon "cannon") - a class of small warships with artillery weapons designed for fighting on rivers, lakes and coastal marine areas, guarding harbors .
Content
History
Historically, in the era of the sailing fleet, gunboats were called large boats or small sailing-rowing vessels with one or three large guns mounted on the bow. First introduced by the French in the 17th century (1646), used to bombard Dunkirk , they were 30-40-rowing boats with two or three large cannons .
Gunboats appeared in the Russian fleet during the war with Sweden in 1788-1790 and formed the basis of the rowing fleet. This class of ships proved to be the most effective in the sailing and rowing fleet. The Russian gunboats had 7-15 pairs of oars, were armed with falconets and had from one to three large-caliber guns [1] .
In the era of the steam fleet, the gunboat is an artillery ship for operations on rivers, in skerries , in the coastal zone. They could perform the functions of coastal defense , port defense , river estuaries , landing assaults, supporting their troops on the coast, supporting the landing of their troops and other auxiliary tasks ( demonstration of the flag in the colonies, escort, transportation of goods). Could be special buildings, converted; armored, armored, unarmored, torpedo (future minosocks ). In Russia, the first steam gunboats (the so-called “ shestakovks ”) began to be built during the Crimean War [1] , and subsequently were widely used both in the waters of the seas and oceans, and as part of river fleets.
In Russia, the first in the world, since 1907, diesel engines were installed on armored river ships . Tower gunboats of the Flurry type , equipped with modern large-caliber artillery systems, with 1,000 horsepower diesel engines and a range of up to 3,000 miles, proved to be the best river ships in the world at that time. [2] [3]
Types
- river gunboats
- 2nd rank riverboats
- 3rd rank riverboats
- sea (nautical) gunboats
Feature
In different periods of history had different characteristics.
Displacement
Displacement :
- river gunboats - up to 1,500 tons;
- nautical gunboats - up to 3,000 tons.
Speed
Speed: 3 to 20 knots .
Armament
Armament : 1 - 4 guns of the main caliber and / or up to 10 guns of small and / or medium caliber, later and / or automatic anti-aircraft guns and machine guns .
See also
- Pram
- Bombardier ship
- Artillery boat
- Dub boat
- Gunboat diplomacy
- Army fleet
- Monitor (ship class)
- Gunboat "Korean"
- Soviet river gunboat "Belorus"
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Chernyshev A. A. Russian Sailing Fleet. Directory. - M .: Military Publishing House, 2002. - T. 2. - S. 306. - 480 p. - (Ships and ships of the Russian fleet). - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-01789-1 .
- ↑ A.V. Platonov, Soviet monitors, gunboats and armored boats. Part I. Imperial Heritage
- ↑ Pokhitonov, Chapygin, 2010 .
Literature
- Budilovsky . “Navy and Maritime Reference Book” (for 1891, 1892, 1893 and 1894)
- Lovyagin R.M. Gunboat // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Platonov A.V. Soviet monitors, gunboats and armored boats. Part I. Imperial Heritage.
- K. E. Chernitsky, E. R. Eltsberg. Tower gunboats of the “Flurry” type, St. Petersburg , 1911 .
Links
- P.P. Pokhitonov, V.P. Chapygin. From the history of military shipbuilding in the village of Kokuy, Sretensky district, Chita region (1906-80s of the twentieth century) . Our readers' stories - Catalog of articles . Kokuy City (05/03/2010). Date accessed June 22, 2019. Archived February 17, 2011.