Alexander Fedorovich Batalin ( 1 [13] August 1847 [2] - 1 [13] October 1896 ) - Russian botanist and teacher.
| Alexander Fedorovich Batalin | |
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| Date of Birth | August 1 (13), 1847 |
| Place of Birth | Saint Petersburg [1] |
| Date of death | October 1 (13), 1896 (49 years old) |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg |
| A country |  Russian empire |
| Scientific field | Botany |
| Place of work | Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg |
| Alma mater | St. Petersburg University (1869) |
| supervisor | Famintsyn, Andrei Sergeevich and Beketov, Andrei Nikolaevich |
| Known as | researcher of cultivated plants of Russia |
| Awards and prizes |  |
| Taxonomy of wildlife | |
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The author of the names of a number of botanical taxa . In the botanical ( binary ) nomenclature, these names are supplemented by the abbreviation " Batalin " . List of such taxa on the IPNI website Personal page on IPNI website Obsolete author designation: Batal. |
Chief botanist and director of the Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg . Valid state adviser [3] .
Path in Science
Born in the family of the famous public and agricultural activist Fedor Alexandrovich Batalin . He spent his childhood until 1860 in Moscow. In August 1860 he entered the 3rd grade of the 5th St. Petersburg Gymnasium , which he graduated in 1865 (was a student of N. I. Raevsky [4] ); Then he studied at the Department of Natural Sciences of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Imperial University of St. Petersburg , graduated from the course in 1869 [5] with a candidate ’s degree. He was a student of professors A. S. Famintsyna and A. N. Beketov .
Full member of the St. Petersburg Society of Naturalists organized at the University (elected October 16, 1869).
From 1870 to 1879, Batalin lectured botany at the Mining Institute .
In 1872 he defended his thesis "On the influence of light on the formation of plant forms", for which he was awarded the degree of Master of Botany.
Together with his father, F. A. Batalin, from 1875 to 1878, Alexander Fedorovich published the “Reference Book for Rural Owners” annually, and from 1879, “The Calendar and Reference Book of the Russian Rural Owner”.
In 1876 he received a doctorate for a thesis "Mechanics of Insectivorous Plant Movement".
Batalin was a part of the Imperial Botanical Garden since 1870; first, a junior conservative, since 1875 - the head of the biological laboratory of the Garden, since 1877 - at the same time the chief botanist.
Since 1878, for two and a half years, he was an assistant professor of botany at the Women's Medical Courses at the Nikolaev Military Hospital , having developed a botany course specifically for their students.
In May 1884, Batalin was appointed an extraordinary professor of botany at the Imperial Military Medical Academy .
In 1885, A.F. Batalin, together with other members of the Imperial Free Economic Society A.M. Butlerov , A.N. Beketov, P.E. Volkenstein and V.I. Kovalevsky, worked in a commission on industrial breeding for Tea bush Caucasus ( Thea sinensis L. ).
Since April 20, 1892 - the first Russian (not a foreigner) director of the Botanical Garden.
Since 1893, Batalin organized public lectures on botanical topics in the Botanical Garden. With his assistance, the Lower Gardening School was opened in the Garden in 1894 and the overhaul of a number of greenhouses began . In 1894, under A.F. Batalin, the Botanical Garden took part in the International Exhibition of Fruit Growing in St. Petersburg , in 1896 - in the All-Russian Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod .
In 1894, he was appointed the first head of the Bureau of Applied Botany of the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property (now the All-Russian Institute of Plant Production named after N. I. Vavilov , St. Petersburg). At the same time, he was introduced into the membership of the Scientific Committee of the Ministry. He attracted the best botanists of St. Petersburg to work in the Bureau. In 1894, V.K. Varlikh , assistant to the botany department of the Imperial Military Medical Academy and H.J. 1895 - Forestry Institute fruit growing teacher A. S. Grebnitsky and resident of the Clinical Institute of the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna A. V. Pel ; in 1896, G.I. Tanfiliev , junior conservative of the Imperial St. Petersburg Botanical Garden.
He was buried at the St. Petersburg Novodevichy Cemetery [6] .
Contribution to Science
Batalin’s greatest merit is the publication of monographic descriptions of plants bred in Russia ( millet , spelled , rice , buckwheat , legumes , cruciferous , oil plants , etc.). This was the first attempt to begin with us a systematic scientific study of cultivated plants. As a result of these studies, he proposed the first classification of varieties of these crops for Russia. Batalin conducted a detailed study of Russian varieties of onions, tobacco and flax ; he also made an attempt to determine cultivated plants by seeds , but with his premature death, these works in Russia stopped.
Batalin wrote about 100 works on plant physiology , on cultivated and economically important plants, and on their taxonomy .
He rather intensively engaged in the involvement of the wild flora of Russia in agricultural practice. He introduced coarse seed flax, kaolin , black mustard and a number of other valuable crops into the culture.
Batalin founded in 1877 the first station in Russia for testing and studying seeds at the biological laboratory of the Botanical Garden. The station was created by the type of the world's first Friedrich Nobbe Seed Control Station ( Tarandt , Germany). With the help of Professor Nobbe, Alexander Fedorovich at his own expense purchased devices for determining seed germination [7] . On January 1, 1878, the station began work. Batalin began to study Russian cultivated plants and, at the same time, propagandize the cultivation of new useful plants in Russia; for fruitful activity in this field, the Moscow Society for the Acclimatization of Animals and Plants awarded him a gold medal in 1891.
Thus, the organization of seed control in our country is, of course, connected with the name of Batalin, who, through “ Agricultural newspaper ”, “ Proceedings of the Free Economic Society ” and “Reference Book for Rural Owners”, announced the opening of the Station.
Already in the first years of work, the Station expanded its functions and, in addition to determining the sowing qualities of seeds, began to determine the names of wild plants and their seeds, as well as parasites from the class of fungi that produce plant diseases .
Batalin experimentally showed that the intact seeds of a number of crops (millet, rye , moghar and dewdrops ) immediately after harvesting have a low percentage of germination, which increases as they dry. Exposure to low temperatures also increased the germination capacity of freshly harvested seeds.
Batalin studied the effects of soil salinization on the sowing quality of seeds. It turned out that salinization not only reduced the yield , but also worsened its quality. Batalin began to study the effect of soil salinization on plant development, laying the foundation in Russia for the development of problems of plant salt tolerance .
Following F.K. Biberstein and N.A. Severtsov, Batalin became interested in questions of the origin of rye Secale cereale L .. He found that in the south, after mowing, rye shoots again, that is, it exhibits the properties of a perennial plant , and suggested that such rye is similar to the wild species Secale anatolicum Boiss growing in Turkestan . and that it came from perennial wild species and in the conditions of culture became annual . Later N.I. Vavilov developed this idea to its logical conclusion.
Plants described by Batalin
Childbirth
- Ceratodiscus batalin
- Corallodiscus batalin
- Roborowskia batalin
Views
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Named after Batalin.
Types of plants:
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Bibliography
- Batalin A.F. On the influence of light on the formation of plant forms. - 1876. - master's thesis
- Batalin A.F. Mechanics of movement of insectivorous plants. - St. Petersburg: V. Demakov Printing House, 1876.
- Batalin AT Beobachtungen über die Bestaübung einiger Pflanzen // Botanische Zeitung. - 1871 (German)
- Batalin AT Ueber die Wirkung des Lichtes auf die Entwikelung der Blätter // Botanische Zeitung. - 1871 (German)
- Batalin, A.F., New Observations on the Movement of Leaves in Oxalis, Tr. Imp. St. Petersburg bot. the garden. - T. I , no. I. - S. 37–42 .
- Batalin AT Ueber die Ursachen der periodischen Bewegungen der Blumen- und Laubblätter // Flora. - 1873 (German)
- Batalin AT Ueber die Zerstörung des Chloro phylls in den lebenden Organen // Botanische Zeitung. - 1874 (German)
- Batalin AT Die Einwirkung des Lichtes auf die Bildung des rothen Pigmentes // Transactions of the Imperial Botanical Garden. - 1880 (German)
- Batalin A.F. Russian oil plants from the cruciferous family. - St. Petersburg: Printing house of V. Demakov, 1879. - (A station for testing seeds at the Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg. Issue I).
- Batalin A.F. Cultural varieties of buckwheat. - St. Petersburg: V. Demakov Printing House, 1881. - (Station for testing seeds at the Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg. Issue II).
- Batalin A.F. Russian varieties of onions // Bulletin of horticulture, fruit growing and truck farming. - 1882. - No. 1. - S. 36—39.
- Batalin A.F. Large-seeded flax // Agricultural newspaper. - 1883. - No. 10. - S. 177—178.
- Batalin A.F. Russian varieties of spelled. - St. Petersburg: V. Demakov Printing House, 1885. - (A station for testing seeds at the Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg. Issue III).
- Batalin A.F. Millet plants bred in Russia. - St. Petersburg: Printing house of V. Demakov, 1887. - (Station for testing seeds at the Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg. Issue IV).
- Batalin A.F. On the effect of seed moisture on their germination // Proceedings of the St. Petersburg Society of Naturalists. - 1887. - T. 18. - S. 50-52.
- Batalin A.F. Perennial of rye // Agricultural newspaper. - 1888. - No. 20. - S. 397—398.
- Batalin A.F. Varieties of some leguminous plants bred in Russia. - St. Petersburg: Printing house of V. Demakov, 1889. - (Station for testing seeds at the Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg. Issue V)
- Batalin A. Das Perenniren des Roggens // Acta Horti Petrop. - 1890. - V. 11, No. 6. - P. 289—293 (German)
- Batalin A.F. Varieties of rice bred in Russia. - St. Petersburg: V. Demakov Printing House, 1891.
- Batalin A.F. New and little-known useful plants introduced into the culture recently by the Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg. - St. Petersburg: Printing House of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1894.
Notes
- ↑ The place of birth has not been documented.
- ↑ According to other sources, the date of birth is July 8 [20], 1847 .
- ↑ Batalin Aldr. Fed. // Alphabetical index of residents ... // All Petersburg for 1896, address and reference book of St. Petersburg. - SPb. : edition of A.S. Suvorin , 1896. - S. 22. - ISBN 5-94030-052-9 .
- ↑ Raevsky Nikolai Ivanovich . www.rulex.ru. Date of treatment May 20, 2018.
- ↑ According to other sources, in 1870.
- ↑ Grave on the plan of the Novodevichy Cemetery (No. 30) // Division IV // All Petersburg for 1914, address and reference book of St. Petersburg / Ed. A.P. Shashkovsky. - SPb. : Partnership of A. S. Suvorin - “New Time”, 1914. - ISBN 5-94030-052-9 .
- ↑ The first state funds for the work of the Bureau were allocated by the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property only in 1896 (in the amount of 1,200 rubles). However, due to illness and death in the autumn of the same year, A.F. Batalin was never used.
Literature
- Russian botanists: Biographical and bibliographic dictionary / comp. S. Yu. Lipschits. - M. , 1947. - T. 1. - S. 129-132.
- Manoilenko K.V.A.F. Batalin is an outstanding Russian botanist of the XIX century. - M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1962.
- Goncharov N.P. On the anniversaries of the heads of the applied botany bureau: A.F. Batalin, I.P. Borodin, R.E. Regel // VOGiS Bulletin. - 2007. - T. 11 , No. 2 .
- Batalin Alexander Fedorovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Batalin Alexander Fedorovich // Biographical Dictionary: The highest ranks of the Russian Empire (10.22.1721 - 03.03.1917): in 3 vol . E. L. Potemkin. - M .: [b. and.], 2017. - T. I: A — Z. - S. 108. - 623 p.