Boreal language is the term of the linguist N.D. Andreev , characterizing the state of a number of languages of the Mesolithic period of Europe . A hypothetical parent language is called boreal , from which the Indo-European , Ural and Altai languages (thus combined into a macro-family ), or an ancient linguistic union , which caused the similarity of the basic vocabulary and syntax of these language families, are derived. The hypothesis of N. D. Andreev should not be confused with the theory of Borean languages by S. A. Starostin , which suggests the unity of a wider group of languages. Andreev’s theory is presented in his monograph “The Early Indo-European Proto-Language” (L., 1986) and a number of articles (see bibliography). Developed on archaeological materials in the works of N. A. Nikolaeva and V. A. Safronov [1] [2] .
Content
Boreal Dictionary Dictionary
ND Andreev compiled a dictionary of 203 boreal root biconsonant words (Andreev, 1988, p. 3; Andreev, 1986) by correlating the Early Indo-European “root words with the attested tokens of the Ural and Altai languages” [3] . He dated the Boreal era to the “end of the Upper Pleistocene on the geological scale and the end of the Upper Paleolithic on the historical line of social development” [4] .
The climate in the zone of the ancestral home of the Eurasianists was cold with long winters and severe snowstorms that promised a fatal outcome. This is reflected in the basic concepts of the Boreans.
P.1 "Winter", "snow time"
Clause 2 “cold”, “cold”
P.3 "ice"
P.4 "frost", "thin ice"
Clause 5 “ice crust”
Clause 6 “slide on ice”, “snow”
Clause 7 “blizzard”, “cold”, “dress”
Clause 8 “snowstorm”, “cold wind”, “howling blow”
Clause 9 “wind”, “blow”, “north”
P.10 "freeze", "stiffen"
(Andreev, 1986, p. 41, No. 71; p. 14, No. 34; Andreev 1988, p. 5, 7-8; Andreev, 1993; p. 17, 38; Andreev 1996, p. 14).
Most likely, there were no special concepts of summer and autumn in the repertoire of the Eurasian Dictionary Fund (Andreev, 1993, p. 38). The words for spring are unknown, but probably spring is reflected in the word P. 11 “come to life after hibernation”, in the word P. 12 “trees and bushes that open buds”, P. 13 “melt” (Andreev, 1993, p. 276 ) Summer as a season reflected only one root K - N., which means several modern concepts of P. 14 “drought”, “tormented by thirst”, “dry wind” (Andreev, 1993, p. 43).
Archaeological Anchor of the Boreal Language
N.A. Nikolaeva and V.A.Safronov connect the phenomenon of the boreal language with the development of the Svidersky archaeological culture and cultures close to it. The authors attribute the separation of the pre-Indo-European branch to migration from the Carpathian region to Anatolia in the 10th – 9th millennia BC. e. [1] [2]
Theory Evaluation
The theory of ND Andreev received an ambiguous assessment among linguists: A. Martine considered the work of the Russian linguist as innovative [5] ; according to S. Paligi [6] , the boreal theory is useful for understanding the background of the satem group of Indo-Europeans and it is possible to bring some of the theory closer to the mound hypothesis of M. Gimbutas [7] ; O. N. Trubachev noted progress in studies of the formal structure of the Indo-European root, and that ND Andreev showed an early Indo-European state with two consonant root words [8] ; V.P. Neroznak called the theory of the Boreal language “fantastic”, especially from the point of view of reconstructing semantics (“mumble + mumble = woman”) [9] .
See also
- Indo-Ural hypothesis
- Nostratic languages
- Borean languages
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Nikolaeva N.A. On the concept of four ancestral homelands of Indo-Europeans V.A. Safronova // Indo-European history in the light of new research: a collection of scientific articles. M .: MGOU, 2010. p. - 56
- ↑ 1 2 Safronov V.A., Nikolaeva N.A. Karpato-Polesskaya ancestral home of Eurasians. Separation of Western Eurasians (early Pra-Indo-Europeans) and their migration to Anatolia 10th - 9th millennia BC e. Appendix to the book: N. A. Nikolaev, V. A. Safronov, "The Origins of Slavic and Eurasian Mythology." . - M: “White Wolf”, 1999. Archived July 12, 2007 on the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Andreev N. D. Early Indo-European Proto-Language. L., 1986.P. 3
- ↑ Andreev N. D. Early Indo-European Proto-Language. L., 1986.P. 277
- ↑ Martinet A. De las estepas a los océanos. El indoeuropeo y los "indoeuropeos". Gredos, Madrid (1997), p. 26
- ↑ Paliga S. ND Andreev's Proto-Boreal Theory and Its Implications in Understanding the Central-East and Southeast European Ethnogenesis: Slavic, Baltic and Thracian // Romanoslavica : Referate şi comunicări prezentate la Cel de-al XIII-lea Congres Internaţional al Slaviştilor ( Ljubljana, 15-21 august 2003) / Com. de red. Dorin Gămulescu (red. Resp.) ... [et al.]. - București: Editura Universităţii din Bucureşti, 2002. - T. 38. - P. 93-104. - ISSN 0557-272X .
- ↑ Sedov V.V. XIII International Congress of Slavists. Problems of ethnogenesis, early history and culture of the Slavs (Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2003) : [ Russian ] // Russian archeology. - (July — August — September) 2004. - No. 3. - S. 182. - ISSN 0869-6063 .
- ↑ Trubachev O. N. Ethnogenesis of the Slavs and the Indo-European problem // Etymology. 1988-1990 : Collection of scientific works / Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of the Russian language; Ed. Coll .: O. N. Trubachev (ed.) and others; scientific ed .. - M .: Nauka, 1993. - S. 16-17. - ISBN 5-02-011040-X .
- ↑ Neroznak V.P. Prayazyk: reconstruction or reality? // Comparative historical study of languages of different families: Theory of linguistic reconstruction / Ed. ed. N.Z. Gadzhieva . - M .: Nauka, 1988 .-- S. 37-38. - ISBN 5-02-010869-3 .
Literature
- Andreev N. D. Early Indo-European Proto-Language. L., 1986
- Andreev N. D. The hypothesis of boreal parent language // Problems of the interaction of language levels. Linguistic studies 1988. L., 1988
- Andreev N. D. Semantic field of weather / time in boreal parent language // Functional description of linguistic phenomena. * Linguistic research. 1991. St. Petersburg, 1993.S. 16 - 28
- Andreev N. D. Elements of the boreal root word related to semantics of approximate orientation by countries of the world // Functional description of linguistic phenomena. Linguistic studies 1991. St. Petersburg, 1993. S. 29 - 48
- Andreev N. D. Prikarpatye - the common ancestral home of three proto-languages: boreal, Indo-European, Slavic // Lexicology, lexicography, grammar. Linguistic research. 1995. St. Petersburg, 1996.S. 3 - 19.