Yuri (George) Nikiforovich Danilov (August 13 (August 25 ) 1866 , Kiev - February 3, 1937 , Paris , France ) - Russian military leader, general from infantry ( 1914 ).
| Danilov Yuri Nikiforovich | |||||||||
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| Date of Birth | August 25, 1866 | ||||||||
| Place of Birth | Kiev Russian empire | ||||||||
| Date of death | February 3, 1937 (aged 70) | ||||||||
| A place of death | Paris , France | ||||||||
| Affiliation |  Russian empire | ||||||||
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He had the nickname Danilov-black in the Russian army to distinguish him from his colleagues - generals Danilov the red and Danilov the white .
Content
- 1 Biography
- 1.1 Education
- 1.2 Military service
- 1.3 World War I
- 1.4 Service in the Red and White armies
- 1.5 In exile
- 2 family
- 3 Contemporaries' ratings
- 4 Awards
- 5 Proceedings
- 6 notes
- 7 References
Biography
He was born in a noble family on August 13 ( August 25 in the new style) in 1866 .
Education
He graduated from the Vladimir Kiev Cadet Corps ( 1883 ), Mikhailovsky Artillery School ( 1886 ).
Military Service
At the end of the artillery school, with the rank of lieutenant Danilov was appointed to the 27th artillery brigade, stationed in Vilna. In 1889 he entered the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff , which he graduated in 1892 in the first category.
In 1892 - staff captain , was a member of the Kiev military district. In 1894-1898 he was an assistant to the senior adjutant of the headquarters of the Kiev military district. He was engaged in mobilization issues. So, at the end of 1895 Danilov participated in the work of special commissions for the verification of preparatory mobilization work of civil institutions and their readiness to conduct the mobilization itself. As a result of this work, Danilov, together with captain Pisarevsky, published a manual on the mobilization service.
In 1896-1897 , Danilov commanded a company in the 129th Bessarabian Infantry Regiment . In 1898-1903 - assistant clerk of the office of the committee on the mobilization of troops. Lieutenant Colonel (1899). Colonel (1903). In 1903-1904 - headquarters officer of the General Staff at the General Staff. In 1904-1905 - head of the operational department of the General Staff. In 1905-1906 - head of the department of the Main Directorate of the General Staff. In 1906 - assistant to the first chief quartermaster of the General Directorate of the General Staff.
In the same 1906 he commanded a battalion in the Life Guards Finland Regiment . In 1906-1908 - commander of the 166th Rivne Infantry Regiment in Kiev.
In 1908-1909 he was Quartermaster of the General Directorate of the General Staff. Major General (1909). In 1909-1914 - Quartermaster General of the Main Directorate of the General Staff. Since 1910 , at the same time, chairman of the Serf Commission under the General Directorate of the General Staff. Lieutenant General (1913).
World War I
In 1914, after the outbreak of the First World War, he was appointed quartermaster general of the headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich . For differences in the Battle of Galicia, he was awarded the Order of St. George of the 4th degree. General from Infantry (1914). In 1915 , after the transfer of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich to the post of governor of the Caucasus , he was forced to leave his post at Headquarters.
In 1915-1916 - commander of the 25th Army Corps . In 1916-1917, he was the acting chief of staff of the Northern Front (under the command of General Nikolai Vladimirovich Ruzsky ). In this capacity was present at the abdication of the emperor Nicholas II .
In 1917 - commander of the 5th army . He established relations with the army committee , tried to strengthen discipline, but his measures in the conditions of the collapse of the army did not lead to success. In the summer of 1917 the offensive of his army ended in failure. Since September 1917 he was in the reserve of ranks at the headquarters of the Petrograd Military District.
Service in the Red and White Armies
In 1918 he served in the Red Army , led a group of military experts at the Soviet delegation in negotiations with the central powers in Brest-Litovsk . On his initiative, experts sent a note with the arguments against the conclusion of the Brest Peace , which was not taken into account, in the name of the head of the Soviet delegation G. Ya. Sokolnikov . In March 1918, he was a member of the Commission of Military Specialists ( military specialist ) to develop a plan for transforming the military center for the reorganization of the armed forces, but this plan was not approved by the Council of People's Commissars .
March 25, 1918 resigned. He left for Ukraine , then moved to the location of the Volunteer Army . In the fall of 1920, he served as assistant chief of the Military Directorate of the Russian Army in Crimea .
In exile
He emigrated to Constantinople , then lived in Paris . The author of military-historical works on the participation of the Russian army in the First World War (his research on the first stage of the war, published in Berlin in 1924, is especially valuable). Biographer of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich .
Family
- Wife - Anna Nikolaevna (nee Frolova), daughter of Colonel Nikolai Alexandrovich Frolov, son of the Decembrist A.F. Frolov [1] .
- Son - Michael (genus 13.5.1897) [1] ,
- Son - Sergey (genus 25.8.1898) [1] .
- Grandson - Nicholas (Nikolai Sergeyevich) Daniloff , journalist [2]
Estimates of Contemporaries
General Yuri Danilov played a key role in planning military operations in the Russian army in 1914–1915 under conditions when the chief of staff of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, General Nikolai Nikolayevich Yanushkevich, had no strategic experience. His activities as Quartermaster General were critical. So, General A. A. Brusilov in his memoirs called Danilov “a narrow and stubborn man” and continued:
His reports undoubtedly influenced to a large extent the strategic considerations of the Supreme Commander, and one cannot but admit that we sometimes acted in some ways at random and scattered riskily - not in accordance with the forces that we had.
Protopresbyter (head of the military clergy) George Shavelsky gave this characteristic of Danilov:
Honest, assiduous, extremely hardworking, he, however, I think, was deprived of the “light” that marks the seal of God's special election. He was a very serious worker, but who could be useful and maybe even difficult to replace in the second roles, where it is necessary to collect prepared material, to develop a ready-made, given idea. But he could not lead a huge army, it was not safe to follow him throughout the army. I loved the gene. Danilov for many of the good qualities of his soul, but he always seemed to me a hard mind, without an “eagle” flight of thought, in a certain sense narrow, sometimes naive ... Great stubbornness, more than necessary, self-confidence, with insufficient communication with people and inability select and use talented helpers, complement the already noted features of the gene’s spiritual warehouse. Danilova.
General P.K. Kondzerovsky , who served as the duty general under the Supreme Commander, wrote that
the quartermaster general immediately took a more elevated position in our Headquarters than he was supposed to. This was largely facilitated by the character traits of Yu. N. Danilov, an extremely powerful, proud man with a very great opinion of himself. I considered him to be an absolutely clever man, but sometimes, in the days of success at the front, he pretended to be almost a genius, a great commander, and that was too much.
Rewards
Order:
- St. Stanislav 3rd degree (1895);
- St. Anne, 3rd degree (1898);
- St. Stanislav 2nd degree (1901);
- St. Vladimir 4th degree (1905);
- St. Vladimir 3rd degree (1908; 01/21/1909);
- St. Stanislav 1st degree (04/12/1911);
- St. Anne 1st degree (04/06/1914);
- St. George 4th degree (VP 23.09.1914).
"For the efforts to develop and implement the activities foreseen above, with which the successful actions of our armed forces were ensured."
- Order at the headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief No. 35 of October 14, 1914.
Proceedings
- Allowance to local institutions of the Ministry of the Interior for drawing up mobilization considerations and for their implementation in case of mobilization of the army. 2nd ed. Kiev, 1898. (In common with Pisarevsky).
- Russia in the world war of 1914-1915 - Berlin, 1924.
- German edition: Russland im Weltkriege, 1914-1915. Jena 1925.
- French edition: La Russie dans la guerre mondiale (1914-1917). Traduction française d'Alexandre Kaznakov. Payot. 1927.
- Spanish edition: Rusia en la guerra mundial, 1914-1918. Circulo Militar. Biblioteca del Oficial, Vol. CXVII, CXXIV. Buenos Aires.
- My memories of Emperor Nicholas II and Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich. - Archive of the Russian Revolution. XIX. Berlin, 1928.
- Russian troops on the French and Macedonian fronts. 1916-1918 . - Paris, 1933.
- Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich. - Paris, 1930;
- Reprint: Zhukovsky-Moscow, 2006.
- German edition: Großfürst Nikolai Nikolajewitsch. Sein Leben Und Wirken. Berlin 1930.
- On the way to the crash. - M., Military Publishing House, 1992. (The book was written in 1926, printed according to a manuscript handed over by the descendant of Yu. N. Danilov, Nikolai Danilov, to the Central State Museum of Television and Radio Broadcasting in 1985.)
Notes
Links
- Danilov, Yuri Nikiforovich . // Project "Russian Army in the Great War".
- Biography on the Chronos website
- Danilov Yuri (George) Nikiforovich
- Memoirs of A. A. Brusilov
- Memoirs of G.I. Shavelsky
- Memoirs of P.K. Kondzerovsky