Kawvali ( Urdu قوٌالی , Hindi कव्वाली ) - a performance to the music of Sufi poetry, prevalent mainly in Pakistan and northern India . The Kavwali tradition has existed for over 700 years. Its popularizers were members of the Chishti fraternity. Initially, Kavwali was used for ritual purposes in Sufi monasteries ( khanaka ), during rejoices and holidays ( urs ), at the tombs of Sufi sheikhs and saints. Later Kavwali also began to be performed at social concerts and festivals. Kawali Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan from Pakistan gained wide international fame, thanks to him the genre spread throughout the world.
Mostly men participate in the Kavwali group, they sing with many voices texts of a spiritual content, often repeating the same phrase many times. As an accompaniment, Indian harmonica, tabla , mridang are used , most recently synthesizers . Performers and spectators enter the state of wajj - a special state of ecstasy or trance , when they feel their unity with Allah. This condition is especially appreciated in Sufi rituals.
Content
Origin
It is believed that the beginning of Kavvali was laid by the poet Amir Khosrov Dekhlevi in Delhi at the end of the 13th century . Separate lines of this poet are often performed during Kavvali.
Song Contents
The repertoire of Kawwali singers includes chants in the languages Urdu , Punjabi , Farsi , Braje and Shirai . Some songs close to the Kawwali genre exist in Gujarati , Sindhi and other languages.
The Kawwali genre suggests spiritual poetry, in particular, it uses the poetic language of a Sufi gazelle . Common motives are love for the Divine Beloved and the transformation of the soul accompanying it, the desire for the Absolute.
According to the content, Kavwali is divided into the following categories:
- Hamd - prayer to Allah . Usually kawwali begins with hamda.
- Naat - a prayer to the prophet Muhammad , often naat follows after hamda.
- Mancabat - A prayer to Imam Ali or a Sufi saint is found in Shiite and Sunni meetings.
- Gazelle is the main lyrical form of poetry in Farsi and Urdu , implying a Sufi mystical content.
- Kafi - The lyrical genre of poetry in Punjabi , also having a Sufi interpretation. It is widespread in the works of the poets Shah Hussein, Bulle Shah, Sultan Bahu and other Punjabi Sufis.
- Wai is a lyrical genre of poetry in Sindhi , reminiscent of kafi . It is widespread in the works of Shah Abdul Latif, Sachal Sarmast and other poets of Sindh .
- Munajat - praise and thanksgiving to Allah. The genre originates from Jalaleddin Rumi . It is usually performed in Farsi .
Famous Artists
Of the past
- Aziz Mian
- Badar Ali Khan also known as Badar Miandad
- Bahauddin Qutbuddin
- Mubarak Ali Khan
- Munshi Raziuddin
- Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
- The Sabri Brothers
Modern
- Abida Parvin
- Faiz Ali Faiz
- Farid Ayaz
- Rizvan-Muazzam
- Rahat Fateh Ali Khan
- Wahid and Navid Chishti
- The Varsi Brothers
- Atik Hussein Khan
Literature
- Gorlinski V. Qawwali // Encyclopædia Britannica , 07/27/2012
- Khan SE, Chaudhry AG, Farooq H., Ahmed A. Reviewing Qawwali: Origin, Evolution and its Dimensions // Science International. - Islamabad: Pakistan Association of Anthropology, 2015 .-- Vol. 27, No. 2 . - P. 1701-1704. - ISSN 1013-5316 .
Links
- Kawali collection in mp3
- Fan site of the Legend of Qawwali, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (unavailable link from 03/06/2018 [528 days])
- Qawwali songs in Punjabi and Urdu to stream (Windows Media Player and Realplayer) or download (MP3 format)
- QAWWALI PAGE Islamic Devotional Music by David Courtney, Ph.D.
- Blog with a large selection of Urdu / Hindi Sufi inspired poetry including qawwali translations and transliterations (unavailable link from 03/06/2018 [528 days])
- Yahoo discussion group dedicated to Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Qawwali (includes photographs, lyrics, translations, song lists)
- Munshi Raziuddin and Fareed Ayaz Qawwal (Self-promotional site)
- Site dedicated to Rizwan-Muazzam Qawwali
- Documentary: Music of Pakistan (52 min.) (Unavailable link from 06-03-2018 [528 days])
- Qawwali lyrics with few translations (Nusrat, Sabri, Aziz Mian, Rizwan Muazzam, Abida, Fareed Ayaz, and more) (unavailable link from 03/06/2018 [528 days])
- Qawwali Songs (Nusrat, Sabri, Aziz Mian) (unavailable link from 03/06/2018 [528 days])
- TURYA Indian Classical Music Ensemble