Ramirez Sanchez, Ilyich

Born October 12, 1949 in Caracas . His mother, Elba Maria Sanchez, was a Catholic and deeply religious woman, and his father, José Altagarsia Ramirez-Navas, studied at the French institute and was preparing to become a Catholic priest, but after a few years became an atheist, anti-clerical ^[2] . According to Carlos, the reason was the behavior of one of the bishops, whose niece Carlos's father met when he once saw "how the bishop leaves the niece's room early in the morning," which shocked him ^[2] . Although, according to Carlos, towards the end of his life, Jose returned to faith and "died while reading a Catholic prayer" ^[2] . Jose was also a staunch Marxist-Leninist; named in honor of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin his three sons Ilyich, Vladimir and Lenin. In 1962, José Ramirez sent Ilyich to the Fermin Toro Lycée school in Caracas, known for its extreme left-wing views. In 1964, at the age of 14, Ilyich joined the Venezuelan Communist Youth Organization, the youth wing of the Venezuelan Communist Party . In 1965-1966 he participated in demonstrations and riots in the streets of Caracas.

In July 1966, Ilyich received a bachelor 's degree , and in August of the same year, his mother, fearing the growing level of violence and political instability in Venezuela, moved with her children to London .

In 1968, Jose Ramirez got his son enrolled in the University of Peoples' Friendship. Patrice Lumumba . While studying in Moscow, Ilyich met with Mohammed Budia, a member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). In November 1969, Ilyich was expelled from the youth wing of the Communist Party of Venezuela , and in June of the following year he, among other sixteen students, was expelled from the university at the request of the Communist Party of Venezuela.

In July 1970, Ilyich left Moscow and went to Beirut , and then moved to Jordan , to the NFOP training camp. There, in 1970 and 1971, Ilyich went through two three-month training sessions, becoming one of the best students of Georges Khabash , who gave Ilyich the nickname Carlos. He received the nickname Jackal from journalists, after a search of the hotel room in his things was found by Frederick Forsythe ’s novel “ Jackal Day ”. For some ^{[ what? ]} data, Jackal later collaborated with the Romanian security service Securitate ^[3] .

In the fall of 1971, Carlos went to London to start working for the PFLP. At that time, the commander of the PFLP operations in Europe was already familiar to him Mohammed Budia. At first, Carlos was collecting information, making a list of 500 people - potential goals of the PFLP. But after Israeli agents killed Mohammed Budia in June 1973, operations in Europe were led by Carlos and Mohammed Muharbal. On December 30, 1973, Carlos made an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Joseph Edward Schiff, president of Marx & Spencer and honorary vice president of the British Zionist Federation. On August 3, 1974, Carlos and Muharbal organized bombings in Paris next to four news agencies that were sympathetic to Israel in their publications. Mined cars were left in front of agency offices. At 2 a.m. three explosions thundered, one bomb did not explode. No one was injured in the attacks.

On the advice of Vadey Haddad , one of the leaders of the PFLP, Carlos worked with other terrorist groups during 1974 and 1975. In September 1974, Carlos assisted the Red Army of Japan (KAYA) in preparation for the attack on the French embassy in The Hague . The capture of the embassy was a success, but negotiations with the French government came to a standstill. To encourage the French to continue negotiations, Carlos entered the drugstore cafe, located in the busy shopping district of Paris, and threw a hand grenade from the balcony of the second floor into the crowd. As a result of the attack, two people were killed and 33 people were injured. Soon after the attack, the French government accepted the demands of KAYA (for this crime, Carlos will be sentenced to a third life term in 2017 ^[4] ). Considered ^{[by whom? ]} also that in December 1974, Carlos helped the South American junta of revolutionary coordination in the murder of the Uruguayan attaché in France.

On January 13, 1975, Carlos and his accomplice attacked an El Al aircraft on the runway of Orly Airport . They fired two grenade launcher shots, but missed. On January 17, Carlos with three Palestinian accomplices repeated the attack, this time only one shot was fired, after which the airport security service opened fire on them. During the shootout, the Palestinians took refuge in one of the airport toilets, taking hostages, while Carlos slipped quietly. The hostages were later released, and the Palestinians were given the opportunity to fly to Baghdad .

In June of that year, Lebanese security services detained Mohammed Mukharbal, and then handed him over to the French intelligence service, the Territorial Oversight Office ( DST ). After the detention, Muharbal talked about his accomplices and agreed to take the police to the house of one of Carlos's friends. On the night of June 27, Muharbal and three DST agents entered the apartment when the party was there and tried to interrogate Carlos. After a short argument, Carlos went to the bathroom, from where he returned with weapons and killed Muharbal and two DST agents. Avoiding the raid, Carlos first returned to the headquarters of the PFLP in Lebanon, then went to East Germany , and then to Hungary . There he planned his next operation - an attack on the participants of the annual meeting at OPEC headquarters in Vienna .

In October 1975, in Yemen, "a few days before my birthday" converted to Islam . Being among the Arab commanders with whom he attacked the plane of the Israeli El Al airline, and intending to leave for Somalia to save the retaliation of the Israeli military, he heard “one of the comrades said that it doesn’t matter if we die, we die like martyrs. “But what about Salem? - answered another comrade. “He is not a Muslim!” ”And decided that he, as a commander, needed to accept Islam in order to lead“ them with him to heaven. ” Carlos notes that initially there were questions, but he really began to practice Islam later “and was able to understand some things,” such as that “Islam speaks of the seal of revelation, the prophet Muhammad , the messenger of God who was sent a revelation and scripture - The Qur'an bearing the seal of divine revelation. The One God, as in all monotheistic religions. ” And although, in his opinion, there is not much difference between Christianity and Islam, he admits that “there are theological differences” and “revelations differ” ^[2] .

On December 21, 1975 at 11:30, Carlos and five accomplices entered the OPEC headquarters, killing three people and several injuring them. By the time the police arrived, Carlos took more than 80 participants in the meeting hostage, including ministers from 11 OPEC countries. After 36 hours of negotiations, the Austrian authorities agreed to all the conditions put forward by the terrorists - including the allocation of an aircraft for the flight of terrorists and hostages to any country. In response, Carlos released 40 hostages while leaving for the airport, leaving only the ministers and their assistants. Terrorists flew from Austria to Algeria , where ministers from "non-Arab" countries were released. Carlos and his team went to Tripoli , where the Libyan minister was released. On December 24, upon returning to Algeria, the remaining hostages were released. After the hostages were released, Carlos and his accomplices received political asylum in Algeria, once again escaping arrest.

The attack on OPEC was the last operation in which Carlos was personally involved. It is believed that he returned to Lebanon and took a leadership position in the PFLP. There is also evidence that in 1976 he participated in the planning of the hijacking of a plane in Entebbe ^[4] .

In 1978, after the death of Waddeus Haddad, Carlos moved away from the PFLP. It is known that between 1976 and 1985, Carlos acted from Hungary, where he kept weapons. In January 1982, in Paris, while trying to carry out a terrorist attack, the wife of Carlos, German terrorist Magdalena Kopp, was arrested. Carlos, unsuccessfully trying to achieve her release, organized several bombings in France. In 1984, Carlos gave an interview to Nabil Mogrobi and allowed him to take a photograph. He later tried to prevent publication, but to no avail. As soon as the article was published in Al-Vatan al-Arabi , an explosion occurred near the magazine’s office in Paris, as a result of which one person was killed and 64 injured. In 1985, Carlos left Hungary and spent some time in Prague . In the early 1990s, he settled in Sudan .

On August 15, 1994, Sudanese authorities extradited Carlos to French agents from the DST . He was charged with the murder of two Parisian police officers and Mohammed Muharbal in 1975. Before the trial, he was placed in Sante Prison . The court, which lasted from December 12 to 23, 1997, found Carlos guilty and sentenced him to life imprisonment without the right of pardon. He was later moved from Sante Prison to Clervaux Prison.

In 2003, his autobiographical book, “Revolutionary Islam,” was published in France, in which he, in particular, talks about his attitude to the religion he adopted - Islam ^[5] .

On December 16, 2011, a court in France issued Carlos the second life sentence for organizing four explosions in France, which killed 11 people and injured more than a hundred ^[6] . On June 26, 2013, a Parisian court refused Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez to cancel the second life sentence ^[7] .

In March 2017, Carlos was sentenced by a French court to a third life sentence for organizing an explosion in a shopping center in Paris, as a result of which two were killed and more than thirty people were injured ^[4] .

In May 2017, six Russian writers wrote an open letter to French President Emmanuel Macron asking them to pardon Carlos. Among the signatories are Alexander Prokhanov , Igor Molotov , German Sadulaev , Israel Shamir , Andrei Rudalev and Sergey Petrov ^[8] . By August, the number of signatories was 20 people ^[9] . The letter was left without reaction from the French government and public figures ^[10] .

In March 2018, after the court upheld the verdict, Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez requested Vladimir Putin to influence his release. In particular, Carlos asked to give him Russian citizenship in order to exchange him for a spy ^[11] .

• Robert Ludlam - trilogy “ Identification of the Bourne ” ^[12] , “The Excellence of the Bourne” ^[13] , “ The Bourne Ultimatum ” ^[14] . Carlos is depicted as being extremely cautious and one of the most dangerous killers in the world. His image is a mixture of real facts and author's fiction, such as the fact that he was trained by the Soviet secret services near Novgorod .
• Tom Clancy - the novel Rainbow Six . A group of terrorists is trying to rescue Carlos the Jackal from prison, organizing an attack on an amusement park in Spain.
• Gerard de Villa - "Marathon in the Spanish Harlem" ^{[15] [16]} . A CIA freelance agent, Austrian Prince Malko Linge, is pursuing international terrorist Juan Carlos Diaz, who has committed many high-profile murders and assassinations in Europe . The action takes place in New York in 1977 . Appearance description:

Snub-nosed humpy nose, thick lips, puffy cheeks of an angry child, pulled over his eyes takes. Tight and strong figure.

• Andrey Tamantsev - “Double Trap” (from the series “Soldiers of Fortune”), 2001, ISBN 5-7390-0770-4 . A special task force is pursuing an international terrorist Carlos Pereira Gomez, nicknamed Pilgrim, The Explosive and the Jackal, trying to blow up the Northern Nuclear Power Plant on the Kola Peninsula . The terrorist has a great resemblance to the prototype - Carlos the Jackal, but his biography is noticeably different.
• Stephen Lizer - “A Shot from a Distance” (1994). A terrorist group led by Carlos Jackal, together with IRA functionaries, is planning a high-profile political assassination of a high-ranking official in the United States. Two veterans of the special services - an American from the FBI and a British from SAS - are unaware of each other and are conducting a parallel investigation.

• The series " " (1986, USA, director - William Fridkin ). In the role of Carlos - .
• The Double (1997, Canada, directed by Christian Duguet) is a spy thriller based on a plan to capture Carlos the Jackal. In the role of Carlos - Aidan Quinn .
• “ Carlos ”, directed by Olivier Assayas (2010) is a multi-part biographical television movie. In the role of Carlos - Edgar Ramirez .
• “ The Secret of Bourne's Personality ” (filmed in 1988 by an American film adaptation of Robert Ludlam’s 1980 novel ), a thriller. Director - Roger Young. In the role of Carlos - Yorgo Voyagis .
• The series “ Code of Honor ” (2002, Russia, directed by Georgy Nikolayenko ). In the role of Carlos (Pilgrim) - Valery Garkalin .

in Russian

• Brass A. “Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez (Carlos the Jackal)” // Who is who in the world of terror . - M.: Russia-Olympus: Astrel: ACT, 2007. - S. 4-36. - 344 p. - ISBN 9851604429 , 9789851604421, 5-9648-0100-5, 5-9648-0100-5, 5-9648-0100-5.
• Molotov I.V. My friend Carlos the Jackal. The revolutionary who became the hero of the Hollywood films “Jackal” and “Carlos”. - SPb. : Peter , 2018 .-- 384 p. - (New policy). - 3000 copies.

in other languages

• John Follain Jackal . - Arcade Publishing, 1998 .-- 318 p. - ISBN 1559704667 , 9781559704663.
  • John Fallane. Jackal. - SPb .: Limbus Press , 2002. - ISBN 5-8370-0185-9 ^{[ specify ]}
• Harvey W. Kushner. Encyclopedia of Terrorism . - SAGE Publications , 2003 .-- 523 p. - ISBN 0761924086 , 9780761924081.

• Molotov I.V. Carlos the Jackal: I was sold as a prostitute (neopr.) . Life (November 24, 2017). Date of treatment December 28, 2017. Archived December 19, 2017.