The peasant uprising in Romania in 1907 ( rum. Răscoala ţărănească din 1907 ), one of the largest peasant uprisings in Europe of the New Age, was associated with an extremely uneven distribution of land in the country (the vast majority of it was in the hands of few landowners).
Content
Start
The uprising began on February 8, 1907 in the village of Flaminzi ( rum. Flămânzi ) (February-March 1907). The reason for the uprising was the refusal of the local landowner to reduce rent . In February, the rebellious peasants of Moldova everywhere began to rob and burn the landlords 'estates, demanding not only a reduction in rents, but also the division of landowners' land. The organization of insurgent units began. The uprising is accompanied by Jewish pogroms , which was associated with the Jewish origin of many tenants in Moldova (although in the county of Moldova where the uprising began, and in Wallachia, where it soon spread, the percentage of Jews among the tenants was extremely small). On March 5, 1907, crowds of rebellious peasants armed with scythes, pitchforks and axes broke into the city of Botosani . After street battles with government forces, the rebels were knocked out of the city.
Siege of cities
By March 10, 1907, a peasant uprising that began on February 8 swept all the counties of Moldova . King Carol I declared a state of emergency. Thousands of rebels surrounded Iasi , but the garrison managed to repel their onslaught. In Galati, near the city government building, a hussar squadron shot a crowd of peasants and workers. The columns of insurgents marched on Bucharest , marking their path with the fires of landowners' estates.
Suppression
On March 12, 1907, in Bucharest, the metropolitan garrison repelled an attempt by 4,000 insurgent peasants who made a campaign from Wallachia to break into the city. “They opened fire on the rebels from machine guns. After the first shots, hundreds of peasants fell dead and wounded, the rest rushed in terror in an attempt to run towards the nearest forest. There was a volley of guns hiding in the woods. From a huge column of rebels, barely two hundred escaped ... after this terrible massacre. " Until the end of March 1907, the Romanian army brutally crushed the peasant uprising in Moldova. It was destroyed up to 11 thousand rebels.
Results
In the summer and autumn of 1907, after the uprising was suppressed, the government transferred to the peasants approximately 4 million hectares of land (in allotments from 1 to 61 hectares), large landowners retained approximately 3 million hectares of land in their hands.
The uprising made a strong impression on the Romanian intelligentsia; it is the subject of many works of art created during the interwar period, in socialist and modern Romania.
Literature
- Anton Caragea, 1907: Rascoală sau Complot?
- Ion Luca Caragiale , 1907 din primăvară până'n toamnă
- Armata Română și Răscoala din 1907. Documente. Ediție îngrijită de Maior dr. Florin Șperlea, Lucian Drăghici, Manuel Stănescu. Serviciul Istoric al Armatei. Editura Militară, București, 2007. ISBN 978-973-32-0752-8
Links
- Răscoala din 1907 asa cum n-ati învătat la scoală , Piatza.Net
- Istoria de lângă ... istorie; Din primăvara lui 1907
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- 1907 crimă în masă sau simplă represiune? , 4 Mai 2010, Historia
- Lecțiile lui 1907 , Ovidiu Nahoi, 11 Mai 2010, Historia
- Armata și răscoala din 1907. Care este cifra reală a celor uciși? , Florin SPERLEA, 13 Ianuarie 2011, Historia