Three penny

For the first time the word "Altyn" is found in Russian chronicles of 1375. In real coin, altyn was not minted for a long time and was used as a counting monetary unit , linking the monetary systems of several principalities with different weighted money rates. After the reform of Elena Glinsky in 1534, Altyn became equal to 6 Moscow or 3 Novgorod money (kopek or kopek ). As a real coin, Altyn was first minted under Alexei Mikhailovich in 1654 from copper . In 1704, during the reign of Peter the Great , the minting of silver altynniks began, which lasted until 1718 .

Coins with a face value of 3 kopecks were first issued during the monetary reform of 1839-1843 . Since then, coins of 3 kopecks have become the traditional copper denomination of the Russian Empire, and then the USSR.

From 1839 to 1848, coins were minted on the basis of a coin foot of 16 rubles from a pound of copper, indicating the face value “3 kopecks in silver”. The obverse depicted the monogram of Nicholas I ^{[1] [2]} .

Since 1849, the monetary foot was changed to 32 rubles from a pound of copper, the denomination was changed to “3 kopecks”, and on the obverse, instead of the monogram of the emperor, a small coat of arms of the Russian Empire began to be depicted. In 1867, the monetary stop was again changed - up to 50 rubles from a pound of copper, as well as the design of the obverse and reverse of the coins. On the obverse there was an inscription around the coat of arms: “Russian Copper Coin Three Kopecks”. This type of coins was minted until 1917 ^{[3] [2]} .

After the outbreak of World War I , gold and then silver coins disappeared from circulation. By mid-1915, an acute shortage of a bill of coins arose, and in 1916 a copper coin also disappeared from circulation. To eliminate the bargaining crisis, by decree of the Council of Ministers of September 25, 1915, money stamps were issued, including a stamp with a face value of 3 kopecks. For the manufacture of stamps, cliches of postage stamps were used for the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty. On the back there was an inscription about the use of stamps on a par with a coin. By decree of December 6, 1915, exchange treasury signs of the 1915 type were issued into circulation, including a sign with a face value of 3 kopecks ^[4] .

The interim government continued to issue treasury bills of 1915 type, as well as money stamps, including 3 kopecks. On the reverse side of the stamps, instead of the coat of arms, a large figure of the face value was placed ^[5] .

In the USSR, minting of copper bargaining coins, including three-kopecks, was started in 1924 . They were put into circulation at the final stage of the monetary reform of 1922-1924 . To meet the need for small denomination banknotes due to the lack of the necessary stock of copper and silver coins, paper temporary bonds, including 3 kopecks, were also issued. In 1925-1926, these temporary booms were withdrawn from circulation ^[6] .

From 1926 to 1957, 3-kopek coins were issued in a more durable and technologically advanced copper-aluminum alloy of yellow color, and from 1961 to 1991, brass was minted. After 1991, the minting of coins with a face value of 3 kopecks no longer resumed in Russia.

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  3 kopecks, 1913

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  3 kopecks, 1915 (obverse)

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  3 kopecks, 1915 (reverse)

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  3 kopecks, 1924 (obverse)

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  3 kopecks, 1924 (reverse)

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  3 kopecks, 1924

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  3 kopecks, 1930

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  3 kopecks, 1931

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  3 kopecks, 1938

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  3 kopecks sample 1961

• Bitkin V.V. The consolidated catalog of Russian coins. Part II (1740-1917). - Kiev: UNON-COIN, 2003 .-- 520 p. - ISBN 966-9551-3-9.
• Denisov A.E. Banknotes of Russia in 1769-1917. Part 3. State paper banknotes of 1898-1917. - M: Numismatic Literature, 2004 .-- 208 p. - ISBN 5-902689-02-3 .
• V.E. Semenov. Coins of Russia 1700-1917 years. - Ed. 12. - SPb: CONROS, 2013 .-- 239 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-94088-021-9 .
• Uzdenikov V. Coins of Russia (1700-1917): Third Edition. - M.: Collector's Books; IP Media Inc., 2004.
• Dobrodomov I. G. Some questions of the study of Turkisms in the Russian language // Questions of vocabulary and grammar of the Russian language. - M. , 1967. - S. 364-374 .
• Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron . - SPb. : Semenov typolithography (I.A. Efron), 1890-1907. - Wikisource

• 3 Kopeks at the Numik auction
• Altyn of 1911