Solar torch

The structure of the torches is quite complicated. It consists of a large number of veins, bright nodules, dots, in other words flare pellets, each of which amounts to 30,000 km .

Solar torches form in the active regions of the Sun's magnetic field . Like everything in nature, torches do not appear just like that. Their appearance is due to one of the properties of the magnetic field, namely: the magnetic field prevents the movement of matter in the case when it occurs across the lines of force . If the energy of the magnetic field is large, then the movement of matter exclusively along the lines of force is possible. Otherwise, a weak magnetic field in the flare region is not able to stop sufficiently powerful convective motions, although it can give them a more ordered character. It is worth noting that erratic movements occur both in the vertical plane (to a greater extent), and in the horizontal. The latter lead to the appearance of friction between individual convective flows, and then they are inhibited by a magnetic field, the intensity of which in the torch region is much less than in other regions. This allows gases to rise higher and carry a much larger flow of energy. Thus, torches appear when convection is enhanced, which is caused by a weak magnetic field.

Closer to the center, the torches are practically invisible, but on the limb of the solar disk they are very noticeable. This feature indicates that, at a certain level in the photosphere, the temperature of flares differs from the temperature of neighboring flares located in other regions by 200–300 K. Compared with the ambient temperature, the temperature of the flares is approximately 2000 K higher. As a rule, flares are combined into flare fields . Often there are flare fields in which no spots appear. Thus, we can conclude that torches do not have to have sunspots . The life span of a solar torch is 3-4 months . Just like the number of spots, the number of torches depends on solar activity .

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