Aleksei Alekseevich Troitsky ( March 14, 1866 , St. Petersburg - August 14, 1942 , Leningrad ) - chess composer , founder of art chess etude , Honored Artist of the RSFSR ( 1928 ), USSR master of sports in chess composition ( 1934 ).
 Alexey Alekseevich Troitsky | |
|---|---|
 Alexey Alekseevich Troitsky | |
| Country | |
| Date of Birth | March 14, 1866 |
| Place of Birth | St. Petersburg |
| Date of death | August 14, 1942 (76 years old) |
| Place of death | Leningrad |
| Rank | |
| Awards and prizes | Honored Artist of the RSFSR |
Content
Biography
Born March 14, 1866 in St. Petersburg . In 1894 he graduated from the St. Petersburg Forest Institute with the title of scientist arborist of the 2nd category. He published his first chess problem , while still a student, in 1893 , the first sketch - in 1895 .
In the period from 1896 to 1917 he worked as a forester in the Smolensk and Coven provinces; later in the Dolgorukovsky, Golovinschinsky and Chernozersky forestries of the Penza province .
Working as a forester, Troitsky composed chess studies that glorified him and determined his entire future career. In addition, from 1895 to 1901, Troitsky put forward and presented in art form the most relevant sketching ideas, and from 1905 to 1917 he developed the foundations of the theory of etudes, which are also relevant for modern chess composition. Troitsky expanded the theme of sketches, developed in more detail topics he had already discovered (systematic movement of pieces, turning pawns into weak pieces, the struggle of pieces in various combinations, synthesis of ideas, etc.), published a number of theoretical works, as well as fundamental research on selected topics endgame theory.
In the period from 1917 to 1923, he temporarily moved away from chess. In 1918 he moved to Penza , where he began working as an instructor in the Penza Provincial Executive Committee.
Since 1923, Troitsky returned to chess and began to improve the ideas he had previously discovered. He heads the provincial chess section and the chess department in the local newspaper Trudovaya Pravda, where he begins to publish his sketches and organize chess tournaments.
In 1928, for his services in the field of chess etude, Troitsky was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR. In 1934, he became the country's first master of sports in the USSR in chess composition. In the same 1934 he moved to Leningrad, where he lived until his death. Alexei Alekseevich Troitsky died during the blockade on August 14, 1942 .
Troitsky’s legacy is about 800 published (including overseas) chess compositions (about 750 studies, 50 joke tasks and analytical tasks for retroanalysis).
Selected Studies
Trinity strengthened the connection of the study with a practical game. This connection lies in the naturalness and vitality of the initial position (the sketch should be like an episode from the party), in a double-edged, full of emotional content fight against unexpected spectacular victims, maneuvers, interesting, false traces emphasizing the main idea, in a beautiful, memorable ending.
Troitsky not only gave a complete theoretical and creative definition of the principles of sketch composition, but also masterfully demonstrated them by the example of his own creativity. Troitsky’s main merit lies in the fact that he transferred to the study the struggle characteristic of a practical party in all its beauty and diversity and expressed this struggle in an artistic, economical, and spectacular form.
A. A. Troitsky "New time", 1895
(3 + 2) | A. A. Troitsky "New time", 1897
(4 + 6) | A. A. Troitsky “Tasks and Studies”, 1928 , III prize
(5 + 4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The solution of Etude 1: 1.Ch6 + Kg8 2.g7 Kf7 (2 ... e6 + 3.Kpd6 !! Kpf7 4.Kpe5 Kpg8 5.Kpf6; 2 ... e5 3.Kpe6) 3.g8Ф + !! [1] Cr: g8 4.Kre6 Kh8 5.Kf7 e5 6.Сg7 × Mat is a lonely elephant.
The decision of Etude 2: 1.Сc6! Rb1 + 2.Kre2 L: h1 3.Cg2 + !! Kp: g2 4.Kf4 + Kg1 5.Ke1 g2 6.Ke2 × Mat with a single horse.
The decision of Etude 3: 1.Сb4 +! Kbb3! (1 ... Cr: b4 2.Kd3 + Kc3 3.K: f2 fe 4.Ke4 + Kd3 5.Kf2 + Kre3 6.Kg4 + with eternal check) 2.K: f3 !! f1Ф + 3.Сe1 Фg2 (the queen has no other way out) 4.Сg3 Крc3 5.Крd1 - the queen cannot escape from the cage. Positional draw with Black's material advantage.
See also
- Troitsky Line
- Mat Troitsky
Notes
- ↑ 3.g8C + is also possible, but not 3.g8L e6 +! 4.Kpe5 Kp: g8 with a draw.
Literature
Author's collections of sketches
- Troitsky A.A. Collection of chess studies. - L.: OGIZ Physical education and tourism, 1934.
- Korolkov V.A. , Chekhover V.A. Selected Etudes of A.A. Troitsky. M .: Physical education and sport, 1959. 184 p.
- Troitzky, A. (1924), Endspielstudien, Schachverlag Bernhard Kagan, Berlin sa, 1924, ISBN 1-114-59188-2
- Troitzky, AA (1968), 360 Brilliant and Instructive End Games , Dover Publications (reprint), ISBN 0-486-21959-3
- Troitzky, A. (1992), Collection of Studies , Tschaturanga Ed. Olms, ISBN 3-283-00114-6
About Trinity
- Herbstman A.O. Modern chess study. - L.: Physical education and tourism, 1937.S. 11-25.
- Godin V., Kuznetsov S. New about Trinity // Chess in the USSR. 1962. No. 6.
- Svyatov G., Sorokin V.A. Troitsky in Penza // Koms. true. 1995.6 January 20, Feb. 3, 17, March 3, 17, March 31, April 28, May 26.
- Soviet Chess Study: Compilation. M.: Physical education and sport, 1955.S. 108-126.
- Umnov E. In Search of Etudes of Trinity // Science and Life. 1984. No. 2.
- Chess: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. A.E. Karpov . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990. - S. 409-410. - 624 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85270-005-3 .
- The new chess address is 91 Moika Embankment ... // 64 - Chess Review. - 1995. - No. 5. - S. 76.