Fedyuninsky, Ivan Ivanovich

He was born on July 30, 1900 in the village of Gileva of the Assumption volost of the Tyumen district of the Tobolsk province (currently the Tugulymsky district of the Sverdlovsk region ), in a peasant family. In 1913 he graduated from a rural school in the village of Gileva and began to work as an apprentice painter . Since 1919, his entire subsequent life was connected with military service.

Start of Service

In 1919, he volunteered to join the Red Army . During the Civil War he fought as a private on the Western Front . He was twice wounded.

July 29, 1921 he was transferred to the city of Omsk in the 33rd reserve regiment. In 1921, he was sent to study at the 24th Omsk Infantry School named after the III Communist International, the command school of the Red Army - Omsk Infantry School. In 1923, the school was transferred to Vladivostok and renamed. In 1924, I. Fedyuninsky graduated from the Comintern Vladivostok Infantry School ^[2] .

Upon completion, he was appointed platoon commander in the 107th Vladimir Rifle Regiment.

In 1929, as a commander of the 6th company of the 36th rifle division of the Special Far Eastern Army , he participated in a military conflict on the CER . For resourcefulness and skillful leadership, shown personal courage in these battles, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and personal weapons.

In October 1930 he was sent to the courses of the command staff " Shot ". After graduation, they returned with honors to the Far East , where he was appointed commander of the battalion, and in 1936, assistant commander of the regiment.

Khalkhin Gol fights

In 1939, he served on the border with Mongolia as an assistant regiment commander for economic affairs. At the beginning of an undeclared war on Khalkhin-Gol with Japanese troops, at the proposal of G.K. Zhukov, he was appointed commander of the 24th motorized regiment. According to the memoirs of Zhukov:

In all difficult cases, Ivan Fedyuninsky was able to find the right solution, and when the general offensive of our troops began, the regiment under his command triumphantly fought ^[3] .

In the battle of Bain-Tsagan, the regiment of the young commander, accompanied by tanks, broke through to the rear of the Japanese troops, inflicting great damage to the enemy. Having disrupted the rear communications, which led the Japanese to a quick retreat and even to flee from the bridgehead they had seized near Mount Bain-Tsagan on the western bank of the Khalkhin-Gol River, the Fedyuninsky regiment seized a lot of equipment and heavy artillery, and the Japanese were forced to clear the bridgehead.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR of August 29, 1939, Colonel Fedyuninsky Ivan Ivanovich was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal No. 155. By a resolution of the Presidium of the Great People’s Khural of the Mongolian People’s Republic of July 15, 1975 I. I. Fedyuninsky was awarded the title of Hero of the MPR.

On February 6, 1940, he took command of the 82nd Infantry Division , which was deployed in the Mongolian People's Republic in the city of Bayan-Tumen (since 1941 ( Choibalsan ). By March 10, 1940 ^{[4], the} 82nd SD was transferred to the staff of the motorized infantry division of 12 000 people with the name 82nd Motor Rifle Division , reorganized their division and commanded the 82nd Infantry Brigade until November 1940 .

World War II

From November 1940 and at the beginning of World War II, Colonel (from August 12, 1941 - Major General ) I. Fedyuninsky was the commander of the 15th Rifle Corps , stationed in the area of Brest and Kovel . The corps, which consisted of three divisions, with the outbreak of war, unlike many other formations, successfully fought defensive battles and launched several notable counterattacks on the advancing German troops. After the wound received in these battles, on the instructions of the front commander, he was taken by plane to Moscow to the hospital.

In September 1941, during one of the most critical periods of the battle for Leningrad, at the proposal of G.K. Zhukov ^{[5] he was} appointed deputy commander of the Leningrad Front and at the same time commander of 42 A. After Zhukov’s departure in October 1941, he temporarily commanded the front, then, on October 27, was appointed commander of 54 A , which took an active part in the Tikhvin defensive and Tikhvin offensive operations, as a result of which the Soviet troops achieved strategic success. In 1942, the army participated in the Luban operation , in which it was not successful and suffered heavy losses.

Since April 1942, he has been commanding 5 A on the Western Front and is participating in operations near Moscow.

In October 1942, he was appointed deputy commander of the Volkhov Front K. A. Meretskov . The Supreme Command placed I. Fedyuninsky personally responsible for breaking the blockade of Leningrad on the right wing of the Volkhov Front. For successes in Operation Iskra (January 12–30, 1943) in breaking through the Shlisselburg-Sinyavinsky ledge, he was awarded the Order of Kutuzov of the 1st degree. During the operation, he was seriously wounded.

In May 1943 he was appointed deputy commander of the Bryansk Front . July 14, 1943 took command of the 11th Army and participated in the Bryansk (September 1 - October 3, 1943) and Gomel-Rechitsa (November 10-30, 1943) operations.

In December 1943, he was appointed commander of the 2nd shock army near Leningrad, striking from the Oranienbaum bridgehead . False concentration of troops and equipment on the right flank, he managed to mislead the enemy, while the main blow by concentrated forces in the middle of January was dealt on the main, Ropshinsky direction, which led to the connection with the 42 A troops and the defeat of the Peterhof-Strelna group of Nazis in Ropsha area. Thus, a decisive contribution was made to the operation to lift the blockade of Leningrad .

Later, in the first half of February 1944, the 2nd shock army waged heavy battles for Narva , in which it was not possible to occupy the city. Narva was released on July 26, 1944 during the Narva operation . The offensive was carried out from the bridgehead, later known as " Fedyuninsky bridgehead ." At the end of the Tallinn operation, the army participated in battles with the North Army group locked in the Kurland boiler and in the East Prussian operation .

During the Great Patriotic War, troops under the command of I. I. Fedyuninsky participated in battles on the Western , Leningrad , Volkhov , Bryansk and 2nd Belorussian fronts, in the defense of Leningrad and the breaking of the blockade, in the Tikhvin defensive and offensive operations, the 1st Rzhev- Sychev offensive operation , Battle of Kursk , Bryansk , Krasnoselsko-Ropshinskaya , Narva , Tallinn , East Prussia and Berlin operations. For successful military operations, the troops led by him were noted 25 times in the orders of the Supreme Commander.

On June 24, 1945, Colonel General I.I. Fedyuninsky participated in the Victory Parade in Moscow on Red Square .

Post-war period

At the end of World War II, he remained in the post of commander of the 2nd shock army, which became part of the Group of Soviet occupation forces in Germany .

In April 1946 - February 1947 he commanded the troops of the Arkhangelsk Military District .

In 1948 he graduated from higher academic courses at the Higher Military Academy named after K. E. Voroshilov .

In April 1948 - November 1951 - commander of the 7th Combined Arms Army of the Transcaucasian Military District (the army headquarters was located in the city of Yerevan ).

In November 1951 - April 1954 he was deputy and first deputy (since November 1953) Commander-in-Chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany .

In April 1954 - October 1957 - commander of the Transcaucasian Military District .

In December 1957 - December 1965 - commander of the Turkestan Military District .

On August 8, 1955, he was awarded the military rank of army general .

From December 1965 until his death, he was a military inspector-adviser to the Group of Inspectors General of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR.

He was a deputy of the Supreme Council of the USSR of the 5th and 6th convocations, a deputy of the Supreme Soviets of the Union Republics. Honorary citizen of the city of Gomel ^[6] .

He lived and died in Moscow on October 17, 1977 . He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery .

• Major (date unknown)
• Colonel (July 1939)
• Major General (08/12/1941)
• Lieutenant General (06/13/1942)
• Colonel General (10/05/1944)
• Army General (08/08/1955)

USSR Awards

• Gold Star Medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union No. 155 (08/29/1939);
• four orders of Lenin (08/29/1939, 02/21/1944, 02/21/1945, 07/29/1960);
• five orders of the Red Banner (1929, 02/06/1942, 11/03/1944, 02/22/1968, ...);
• two orders of Suvorov I degree (09/18/1943, 04/10/1945);
• two orders of Kutuzov I degree (01/28/1943, 05/20/1943);
• Order of the Red Star (08.16.1936);
• Order "For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" III degree (04/30/1975);
• medal “For military valor. In commemoration of the centenary of the birth of V. I. Lenin ” ;
• Medal "For Distinction in the Protection of the State Border of the USSR" ;
• medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" ;
• medal "For the defense of Kiev" ;
• medal "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." ;
• medal "For the capture of Koenigsberg" ;
• medal "For the capture of Berlin" ;
• medal "For the development of virgin lands" ;
• anniversary medals.

Foreign Awards

  MPR :

• Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Mongolian People’s Republic (07/12/1975);
• two orders of Suche-Bator ;
• two orders "For Military Merit" ;
• Order of the Red Banner .

  NDP :

• Order of the Renaissance of Poland ;
• Golden Cross of the Order “For Military Valor” IV degree;
• Order of the “Grunwald Cross” II degree;
• Cross of Olšany Voivodeship.

  GDR :

• Gold Star of the President;
• Order of Merit to the Fatherland in gold I degree.

  Czechoslovakia :

• Medal "For Strengthening Friendship in Arms" I degree.

  Tuva People's Republic :

• Order of the Republic .

I. I. Fedyuninsky is an honorary citizen of the cities: Volkhov , Lomonosov , Kingisepp , Tallinn , Bryansk , Karachev , Gomel ^[7] , Choibalsan (Mongolia).

In the homeland of I.I. Fedyuninsky in the village of Gileva on May 9, 1981, his house-museum was opened. July 30, 2017 in Tyumen , in the square near the Yuzhny pond, a monument to I.I. Fedyuninsky ^[8] . Also in Tyumen, his name was assigned to secondary school No. 69.

Named after I.I. Fedyuninsky, streets in the settlements are named:

• Bryansk (street and travel)
• Gomel
• Tugulym village, Sverdlovsk region
• Lomonosov (in 1983, the Southern Highway was renamed Fedyuninsky Street )
• Narva (now renamed Rakvere Street)
• Ivangorod
• Tallinn (now renamed Paekaare street)
• Tyumen
• Karachev
• Ropsha, Lomonosov district, Leningrad region.
• Volkhov Leningrad Region

I was summoned to the apparatus by Stalin. He asked if I had a good commander who could lead the army near Leningrad. And he emphasized that I, apparently, understand how important this is. Without hesitation, I named the name of General I. I. Fedyuninsky ... ..
This is certainly a talented military leader, an excellent organizer, a master of driving troops. And recommending it to a responsible and important sector of the front, I was sure that Ivan Ivanovich was exactly the candidate that was required. And I was not mistaken in this.

- Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Marshal of the Soviet Union K. Rokossovsky Soldier duty. - M: Politizdat, 1968- P.250.

• Artistic epic "Blockade" (dir. M. Ershov ). In the role of I.I. Fedyuninsky - Stanislav Fesyunov .

• Fedyuninsky I. I. Raised by alarm. - M .: Military Publishing House , 1961.
• Fedyuninsky I.I. in the East. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1985.

• Military Encyclopedia in 8 volumes. M.: Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 1994-2004. - T.8.
• Kalashnikov K.A., Dodonov I.Yu. High command staff of the USSR Armed Forces in the post-war period. References (1945-1975). Volume 1. Ust-Kamenogorsk: Media-Alliance, 2013. - ISBN 978-601-7378-16-5 . - S.279-280.

• Fedyuninsky, Ivan Ivanovich (Russian) . Site " Heroes of the country ".
• Fedyuninsky Ivan Ivanovich on the website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
• Fedyuninsky I.I. (neopr.) . 10otb.ru (April 15, 2012). Date of treatment February 17, 2013. Archived February 27, 2013.