The Marquis of Hartford and Earl of Hartford ( English Marquess of Hertford and Earl of Hertford ) - the earl title of medieval England , first established in 1135 and the title of marquis established in modern times in England. Originally belonged to representatives of the senior line of the noble house of de Claire . From 1537 to the present (intermittently), title holders are members of the Seymour clan, descendants of Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset , brother Jane Seymour , wife of the English King Henry VIII . In 1641, the title of Marquis of Hartford was first established. From 1660 to 1750, the title of count belonged to the dukes of Somerset . Currently, Sir Henry Jocelyn Seymour (born 1958) is the title of Count and Marquis of Hartford, as well as of Count Yarmouth and Viscount Beauchamp (all refer to the peeing system of Great Britain ).
The residence of the modern graphs and marquises of Hartford is Ragley Hall Palace in Warwickshire .
Content
Title History
For the first time, the title of Earl of Hartford was established in 1135 [1] as part of King Stephen of Blois campaign to attract the great English aristocracy to his side. This title was bestowed upon Richard de Clair (d. 1136), the head of the senior line of the influential house de Claire . In Hertfordshire itself, however, the de Claire possessions were insignificant: the basis of their territorial power was in Suffolk , Essex, and the Welsh mark . Until the XIII century, the earls of Hartford were in the shadow of the more powerful younger line of the clan de Claire, the Counts of Pembroke ; in Wales and Ireland, the role of the Hartford in the political system of England has increased significantly. According to contemporaries, the earls of Hartford at the beginning of the XIV century had the largest land holdings among all the noble families of the English kingdom. Gilbert de Kler, the 7th Earl of Hartford (d. 1295), actively participated in the baronial wars of the mid- XIII century, first on the side of Simon de Montfort , and then on the side of Prince Edward and made a significant contribution to the victory of the royal troops in the battle of Evesham 4 August 1265 His son Gilbert de Claire, the 8th Earl of Hartford , died in 1314 at the Battle of Bannockburn , leaving no male heir. With his death, the title of earl Hartford ceased to exist for a long time.
The next title creation took place in 1537 . Earl of Hartford became Edward Seymour (d. 1552), elder brother of Jane Seymour , the third wife of King Henry VIII . After the death of Henry VIII, Edward became Lord Protector of England under the minor Edward VI and in 1547 was granted the title of Duke of Somerset . Edward was the de facto ruler of the country in 1547 - 1549 . and made a significant contribution to the development of the dogmatic foundation of the Anglican Church . He also undertook several campaigns to Scotland and on September 10, 1547, defeated the Scottish troops at the Battle of Pinky . However, in 1549 Somerset was removed from his position as Lord Protector, and executed in 1552 , and his titles and possessions (including Somerset House in London ) were confiscated.
The son of the Duke of Somerset, Edward Seymour (d. 1621) , was restored in 1559 in the title of Earl of Hartford by Queen Elizabeth I. However, the following year, the earl secretly married Lady Catherine Gray , the princess of the English royal house and sister Jane Gray , for which he was imprisoned in the Tower . The grandson of Edward and Catherine, William Seymour (d. 1660), repeated the fate of his grandfather, secretly marrying Arabella Stewart , a potential contender to the English throne, in 1610 . After her death, however, William regained his position at court, and during the English Revolution of the 17th century , received the title of Marquis of Hartford . After the restoration of the Stuarts in 1660, he was also returned to the title of Duke of Somerset . Later, until 1750 , the titles of the count and the Marquis of Hartford were joined to the title of duke of Somerset. Among their carriers is Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset (d. 1748), nicknamed "The Proud Duke", Queen Anne 's horse stableman , heir to the vast possessions of the Percy house and an active supporter of the establishment of the Hanover dynasty on the British throne.
With the suppression in 1750 of the senior line of the house of Seymurs, their vast possessions were divided between representatives of the junior branches. The title of Earl of Hartford was established again, this time in the peeing system of Great Britain , for a distant descendant of Lord Protector Somerset Francis Seymour-Conwy (died 1794), who in 1793 also received the titles of the Marquis of Hartford and Earl of Yarmouth . The descendants of Francis continue to carry these titles to the present. The current 9th Earl and Marquis of Hartford - Sir Henry Jocelyn Seymour (born 1958) also has the following titles: Earl of Yarmouth (British peerage, 1793), Viscount Beauchamp (British peerage, 1750), Baron Conwy of Ragley ( British peerage , 1703), Baron Conwy of Killultag (the peerry of Ireland , 1712). His successor, William Francis Seymour (b. November 2, 1993) uses the title of Count Yarmouth.
Hartford list of graphs and marquises
Earl of Hartford, First Creation (1135)
- Richard Fitz-Gilbert de Claire ( 1096 - 1136 )
- Gilbert de Claire, 1st Earl of Hartford ( 1115–1151 ), son of the former;
- Roger de Claire, 2nd Earl of Hartford ( 1122–1173 ), brother of the previous one;
- Richard de Claire, 3rd Earl of Hartford ( 1153-1217 ), son of the previous one;
- Gilbert de Kler, 4th Earl of Hartford , 1st Earl of Gloucester ( 1180-1230 ), son of the previous one;
- Richard de Claire, 5th Earl of Hartford , 2nd Earl of Gloucester ( 1222-1262 ), son of the previous one;
- Gilbert de Claire, 6th Earl of Hartford , 3rd Earl of Gloucester ( 1243-1295 ), son of the previous one;
- Gilbert de Kler, 7th Earl of Hartford , 4th Earl of Gloucester ( 1291 - 1314 ), son of the previous one.
Earl Hartford, second creation (1299)
- Ralph de Montermar (d. 1325 ) (the title belonged to the life of the wife of Ralph Joanna Acre (until 1307), the widow of Gilbert de Cler, the 7th Earl of Hartford)
Earl of Hartford, third creation (1537)
- Edward Seymour, Earl of Hartford ( 1506 - 1552 ), 1st Duke of Somerset (c 1547), brother Jane Seymour , wife of Henry VIII , King of England , titles confiscated in 1552 .
Earl of Hartford, fourth creation (1559)
- Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hartford ( 1539 - 1621 ), the son of the previous one;
- William Seymour, 2nd Earl of Hartford ( 1587 - 1660 ), 1st Marquis of Hartford (from 1641), 2nd Duke of Somerset (c 1660), grandson of the previous one.
Marquis of Hartford, First Creation (1641)
- William Seymour, 1st Marquis of Somerset ( 1587 - 1660 ), 2nd Earl of Hartford (from 1621), 2nd Duke of Somerset (c 1660);
- William Seymour, 2nd Marquis and 3rd Earl of Hartford , 3rd Duke of Somerset ( 1651–1671 ), grandson of the previous one;
- John Seymour, 3rd Marquis and 4th Earl of Hartford , 4th Duke of Somerset ( 1646 - 1675 ), uncle of the previous one. With his death, the title of Marquis Hartford ceased to exist.
Earl of Hartford, fourth creation (continued)
- Francis Seymour, 5th Earl of Hartford and 5th Duke of Somerset ( 1658 - 1678 ), grandson of the younger brother William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset ;
- Charles Seymour, 6th Earl of Hartford and 6th Duke of Somerset ( 1662 - 1748 ), brother of the previous one;
- Algernon Seymour, 7th Earl of Hartford and 7th Duke of Somerset ( 1684 - 1750 ), son of the previous one.
Earl of Hartford, fifth creation (1750)
- Francis Seymour-Conwy, 1st Earl of Hartford ( 1718 - 1794 ), Marquis of Hartford (from 1793), descendant in the eighth generation of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset , cousin of Edward Seymour, 8th Duke of Somerset .
Marquis of Hartford, second creation (1793)
- Francis Seymour-Conwy, 1st Marquis of Hartford ( 1718 - 1794 ), Earl of Hartford (from 1750);
- Francis Seymour-Conwy, 2nd Marquis and Earl of Hartford ( 1743 - 1822 ), son of the previous one;
- Francis Seymour-Conwy, 3rd Marquis and Earl of Hartford ( 1777 - 1842 ), son of the previous one;
- Richard Seymour-Conwy, 4th Marquis and Earl of Hartford ( 1800 - 1870 ), son of the previous one;
- Francis Seymour, 5th Marquis and Earl of Hartford ( 1812 - 1884 ), second cousin of the previous one;
- Hugh Seymour, 6th Marquis and Earl of Hartford ( 1843 - 1912 ), son of the previous one;
- George Seymour, 7th Marquis and Earl of Hartford ( 1871 - 1940 ), son of the previous one;
- Hugh Seymour, 8th Marquis and Earl of Hartford ( 1930 - 1997 ), nephew of the previous one;
- Henry Jocelyn Seymour, 9th Marquis and Earl of Hartford (b. 1958 ), son of the previous one.
- Heir: William Francis Seymour, Earl of Yarmouth (b. 1993 ).
Notes
- ↑ According to some reports, the title was established in 1138 . See the genealogy of the early Hartford earls on the website of the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy .
Links
- The Complete Peerage (Eng.)