The wood chipboard (the official abbreviation is DSP [1] [2] , unofficially - particle board [3] ) is a sheet composite material made by hot pressing wood particles, mainly chips, mixed with a binder of non-mineral origin with the introduction of special additives [4] (6–18% by weight of chips) on single- and multi-storey periodical presses 0.2–5 MPa, 120–190 ° C) [5] or in continuous belt, caterpillar, or extrusion aggregates.
Content
History
The chipboard was made back in the 1930s by the German inventor Max Himmelheber . The first commercial model was manufactured at a factory in Bremen in 1941 using phenolic binders and spruce chips. Himmelheber received a patent for a modern chipboard on January 27, 1951 and licensed his patents to more than 80 manufacturers [6] .
Currently, the plate is a widespread structural material for the production of furniture, used in construction, etc. The annual production of particleboard in the world in 1978 was 45 million m³.
The invention of the plates made it possible to dramatically increase the use of wood: in the 1930s, in Germany, the yield of woodworking products was only 40% by weight of harvested wood; Currently, waste is less than 10% [6] .
Properties
Density - 0.5-1.0 g / cm³, swelling in water - 5-30%, tensile strength at least 0.2-0.5 MPa, flexural strength not less than 10-25 MPa, humidity - 5-12%. [7]
Dimensions
The nominal dimensions of the plates according to GOST 10632-2014 and their deviations:
| Parameter | Value mm | Maximum deviation, mm | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thickness | > 1.0 with gradation 1.0 | for ground slabs | ± 0.3 [8] |
| for unpolished slabs | −0.3… + 1.7 | ||
| Length | > 1800 with a gradation of 10 | ± 5.0 | |
| Width | > 1200 with graduation 10 | ± 5.0 | |
Disadvantages
- ETP, E2, E3, E4 emission classes are toxic for furniture production: binding resins , which are used in its production, emit formaldehyde harmful to humans [9] .
- The material has limited moisture resistance.
- The material is less durable than solid or glued wood.
Application
Used for the manufacture of cabinet, upholstered and other furniture , building elements (up to the wide distribution of gypsum-fiber (GVL), gypsum-board (GCR) sheets and oriented particle boards (OSB) were widely used in construction, including as formwork, partitions in rooms, dry plaster, in frame-panel wooden construction), cars and in the production of containers.
Plates can be lined with veneer , paper , plastic films, plastic.
Classification
- Construction: by the number of layers, the MFC is divided into single-layer, three-layer and multi-layer.
- Brand: depending on the indicators of bending strength, deformation, water resistance, susceptibility to warping and deformation, the DCS is divided into 2 brands: P2 and P1. [7]
- Grade: depending on the criteria for the appearance of the plate (cracks, chips, staining, stains, protrusions and depressions) of the DSP plates are divided into 1st grade (defects are not acceptable except minimal), 2nd grade (large surface defects are acceptable) and without varieties (cardinal surface defects, used in construction).
- Outer layer: plates with a fine-structured surface stand out (lining with polymeric materials is possible), conventional (veneering is used) and coarse-grained (used in construction).
- The level of surface treatment: stands polished and unpolished ChSP.
- Formaldehyde emission class: according to the content of free formaldehyde in the dry plate of ChSP, 100 g, classes Е1 (less than 10 mg), Е2 (from 10 to 30 mg) are distinguished.
- Water resistance: in addition to the fact that the P2 cooker has the best waterproof properties (22% deformation versus 33% for P1 when immersed in water for a day), there is a separate type of water resistant chipboard designed for furniture production and specific construction works.
- Fire resistance: when a fire retardant is introduced into the composition of the fire retardant, the stove acquires fire resistant characteristics. Now [ when? ] in the territory of the Russian Federation, the production of this type of CHD is not conducted.
- Density: according to density, DSTP is divided into a slab of low density (less than 550 kg / m³), medium (550-750 kg / m³) and high (more than 750 kg / m³).
- By pressing method: flat or extrusion pressing [10]
Varieties of Spending Accounts
Chipboard lined with thermosetting polymer films
Chipboard lined with thermosetting polymer films [11] (unofficial, often used abbreviation is chipboard) is a wood chipboard produced on the basis of high-quality chipboard, lined with elevated pressure and temperature resistant melamine film and sometimes (for expensive varieties chipboard boards, lined with films based on thermosetting polymers) coated with a special varnish that is resistant to moisture and mechanical damage. Lamination provides a good appearance, high consumer qualities and increases the physico-mechanical properties. A chipboard lined with thermosetting polymer films does not require further finishing and is widely used for furniture production.
Extrusion Chipset
Wood particles in such plates are located predominantly perpendicular to the plane of the plate, as a result of which these plates have a low bending strength perpendicular to the plane. In Russia, the production of extrusion plates is practically absent. Extrusion method of extrusion pressing method are divided into tubular, strip, sound insulation and fire. Slabs vary widely in density, size, weight, and cost. In particular, tubular extrusion plates are used in the production of interior doors, since they have a high degree of sound insulation [12] .
See also
- Wood-polymer composite
- Fiberboard (Fibreboard)
- Laminated plastic
- Cement Strand Plate
- Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
Notes
- ↑ V.Ye. Kuznetsov Handbook of the Furniture Maker. Design and functional dimensions. Materials Production technology. - M .: Forest industry, 1985.
- ↑ A. A. Bartashevich. Furniture design - Mn .: Modern School, 2006. - ISBN 985-6751-31-4 .
- ↑ For the designation of these plates, both abbreviations are used - particle board (incorrect) and Chipboards (officially). The first option is much more common, although the DSTP is used in the regulations (since the chipboard was already used to designate wood-laminated plastics by that time).
- ↑ GOST 27935-88 "Fiber boards and wood chipboards. Terms and Definitions".
- ↑ Ofitserova L.I. Constructions made of wood and plastics: a course of lectures for students of construction specialties. Part 2 . - Tomsk: STT, 2006. - p. 94.
- ↑ 1 2 John I. Zerbem, Zhiyong Cai, George B. Harpole. An Evolutionary History of Oriented Strandboard (OSB) // United States Department of Agriculture, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 GOST 10632-2014 “Chipboard. Technical conditions
- ↑ Both within one plate and in a batch of plates
- ↑ V. Strelkov, V. Bardonov. Accurate to one hundredth? . // Furniture business number 1, 2013
- ↑ Extrusion Chipboard - easy and elegant // LesPromInform No. 6 (55), 2008.
- ↑ GOST 32289-2013 “Chipboard boards lined with films based on thermosetting polymers. Technical conditions
- ↑ Extrusion chipboard: full face and in profile // LesPromInform No. 9 (58), 2008.
Literature
- Chemical Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1983-792 p.
- Shvartsman GM. Production of chipboard. 3rd ed. - M., 1977.
- Handbook for the production of chipboard. - M .: "Forest industry", 1990.