Industrial oils

The concept of “industrial oils” was introduced in the relevant standards (GOST, ISO) ^[1] to isolate this group from automobile and other transport oils ( motor , transmission , aviation) and hydraulic fluids. The use of lubricating oils in stationary installations, in contrast to transport, is characterized by moderate thermal conditions and pressures in the rubbing vapors, often by large filling volumes. Part of the equipment has open friction pairs, calculated on a systematic manual or lubrication lubrication with a correspondingly increased oil consumption. In general, this creates the prerequisites for the use of cheaper and easier to manufacture oils that do not contain synthetic components and a large number of additives. Operation of industrial equipment in rooms with gentle temperature conditions to a large extent removes the problem of “all-weather” oil, typical for transport.

Industrial oils with a complex of additives (antioxidant, anti-wear, anti-corrosion, etc.) are used to lubricate bearings , sliding guides , gearboxes and fill hydraulic systems of industrial equipment.

In contrast to transport, low-viscosity oils with a minimum of additives are widely used - for lubricating the moving parts of measuring instruments, textile machines, etc. ^[2] or, conversely, relatively thick high-adhesion oils for open units such as chain drives, machine clamping mechanisms. “Sliding” additives are specific for sliding guides and hydraulics, which prevent jerking when pair is strained; this is important for increasing positioning accuracy and eliminating fluctuations when moving low-speed nodes.

Cheap, spent or regenerated industrial oils are used in the hardening (for cooling) and burnishing (as impregnation of a porous oxide film) ferrous metals. Processing with abrasive powders - grinding , grinding , polishing - is also often carried out in an environment of oil, as a rule - cheap mineral, that is, industrial grades.

Oil is used for preservation and packaging (oiled paper) of finished metalworking products, but in this area it is actively replaced by special “sticky” lubricants and polymer films.

Emulsions based on industrial oils, water and emulsifiers are used as cutting lubricants in the processing of materials by cutting , in construction for lubricating the formwork of concrete structures, for the fatliquoring of leathers.

An example of industrial oil is oil for sewing machines .

In everyday life (most often among mechanics) industrial oils are called “spindle” (at the dawn of standardization in the USSR, low-viscosity distillate oil without additives was determined by GOST for use in high-speed, lightly loaded bearings of spindles of spindles of spindles). At the same time, spindle oil (of specific grades) and special oils for hydraulic systems of equipment and mechanisms (such as IGP, for example) are often incorrectly identified. Indeed, the hydraulic systems of some machines allow the use of spindle type oils as a working fluid. But in the general case, the properties of these liquids can radically differ.

The modern classification of industrial oils for various purposes is based on the principle of their division into groups depending on the field of application and operational properties.

The International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) has developed a number of standards related to the classification of industrial oils:

• ISO 6743 / 0-81 “Classification of lubricants and industrial oils”
• ISO 3448-75 “Industrial lubricants. Classification of viscosity. "

Subject to the requirements of ISO and GOST 17479.0-85 “Petroleum oils. Classification and designations. General requirements ”- developed by GOST 17479.4-87“ Oils industrial technical requirements ”.

The designation of industrial oils according to GOST 17479.4-87 includes a group of characters separated by a hyphen:

• the first sign (capital letter “I”) is common to all brands regardless of the composition, properties and purpose of the oil;
• the second character (capital letter) - membership in the group by appointment;
• the third character (capital letter) - belonging to a subgroup of operational properties;
• the fourth sign (number) - belonging to the viscosity class.

• Chemical Encyclopedic Dictionary. Ch. ed. I.L. Knunyants. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1983-792 p.
• An example of the use of industrial oil in the food industry
• GOST 20799-88. Industrial oils
• GOST 17479.3-85. Hydraulic oils
• On the use of industrial oils in hydraulic systems