Guyuk ( Mong. Gүyug khan ?, ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠭ
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ? ; 1206 - 1248 ) - Hagan of the Mongol Empire (1246-1248), son of Ugadei , grandson of Genghis Khan .
| Guyuk | |||||||
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| mong. Gyug khan ? , ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ? | |||||||
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| Predecessor | Ugadei Doregen (regent) | ||||||
| Successor | Ogul-Gaimysh (regent) Munch | ||||||
| Birth | 1206 | ||||||
| Death | 1248 | ||||||
| Kind | Genghisides | ||||||
| Birth name | |||||||
| Father | Ugadei | ||||||
| Mother | Doregen | ||||||
| Spouse | Ogul-Gaimysh | ||||||
| Children | Khoja Ogul Naga Huku | ||||||
| Religion | |||||||
| Autograph | |||||||
Early years
In the khanate of Ugedeya, Guyuk distinguished himself in the war with the Jurchen , capturing the son of the last Emperor of the Jurchen Empire Anchun (Chinese Jin) Wanyan Chenlin. In 1235 he was sent on a western campaign led by the troops of Ulus Ogedei , but under the supreme command of Jochid Batu . He participated in the capture of Ryazan and, probably, the battle of Kolomna . Later Guyuk and Buri , the grandson of Chagatai , quarreled with Batu and received a severe reprimand from their khan. The anonymous author of The Secret Tale puts the following words in his mouth:
| They say about you that you did not leave the back of the people on the campaign, who only had it intact, that you tore the skin of the soldier’s face from the soldiers. Could it be that you and the Russians led to humility with this ferocity of yours? It is clear from everything that you imagined yourself to be the only and invincible conqueror of the Russians, since you allow yourself to rebel on your older brother ... What are you talking about, and before all, you are tearing your throat like a single arbiter who for the first time left the house, and during the conquest of the Russians and Kipchakov, he not only did not take a single Russian or Kipchak, but even did not get a goat's hoof. [one] |
At the end of 1241, the great Khan Ugedei died. He bequeathed to elect his beloved grandson Shiramun as his successor, but the widow of Khan Doregen began the struggle for the election of Guyuk. She met opposition from Batu, who did not want the khan to elect his sworn enemy.
Board
The Khatun Regency lasted four years and eight months, and during this time Doregen and her favorites made a mess in the management of the state. Finally, in Kurultai, in the early autumn of 1246, Guyuk was proclaimed the great khan. This ceremony was described in detail by Plano Carpini , who delivered a letter to Pope Innocent IV to the ruler of Mongolia. The answer of the latter has been preserved [2] .
Plano Carpini also left a description of the Khan himself:
| This emperor may be forty or forty-five years old or more; he is small; very prudent and too cunning, very serious and important in character. A man never sees him laughing in vain and committing some frivolous act, as we were told by Christians who were inseparable from him. The Christians belonging to his servants also told us that they firmly believe that he should become a Christian ... ” [3] |
Probably, the Nestorian Christians played a significant role at the court of Guyuk. He canceled all the orders of the regency, executed the minions of Doregen Abd ar-Rahman and Fatima. They were reinstated in the posts of Chinkai and Mahmud Yalavach . Guyuk probably planned the conquest of the Middle East [4] , where he replaced the governor Baiju with his associate Eldzhigidey . But first of all, the khan had to deal with his main opponent - Batu. At the beginning of 1248, the army, led by Guyuk, advanced towards Ulus Jochi . Batu, forewarned by the widow of Toluya Sorkhakhtani , came forward with an army. But the first civil war of Genghisids did not take place. Guyuk unexpectedly died, reaching only Maverannahr . The widow of Khan Ogul-Gaimysh became the regent of the state after his death.
Notes
- ↑ Secret legend. § 277.
- ↑ Letter to the Pope // Travels to the Eastern Countries by Plano Carpini and Rubruk / Translation by A. I. Malein. - M .: Geografgiz, 1957.
- ↑ Giovanni del Plano Carpini . The history of the Mongols // Travels to the eastern countries of Plano Karpini and Rubruk. - M .: Geografgiz, 1957. - S. 79 .
- ↑ Vernadsky G.V. Mongols and Russia . - Tver, M., 1997.
Literature
- Giovanni del Plano Carpini . The history of the Mongols // Travels to the eastern countries Plano Karpini and Rubruk / Translation by A. I. Malein. - M .: Geografgiz, 1957.
- Iakinf (Bichurin N.Ya.) . The history of the first four khans from the house of Genghisov // History of the Mongols. - M .: AST: Transitbook, 2005. - ISBN 5-17-031003-X .
- Mongolian Ordinary Izbornik // Secret Tale . The Mongolian Chronicle of 1240 Yuan Chao BI Shi. / Translation by S. A. Kozin . - M.-L.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1941. - T. I.
- Rashid ad-Din . Collection of annals / Translation from Persian by Yu. P. Verkhovsky, edited by Professor I.P. Petrushevsky. - M., L .: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1960. - T. 2.
- Vernadsky G.V. Mongols and Russia = The Mongols and Russia / Translated from English. E.P. Berenstein, B.L. Gubman, O.V. Stroganova. - Tver, Moscow: LEAN, AGRAF, 1997 .-- 480 p. - 7000 copies. - ISBN 5-85929-004-6 .
Links
- Guyuk or Guyuk // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Borev I. House of Ogedei. Descendants of Gayuk Khan . - on the Chronos website . Date of treatment October 23, 2010. Archived August 26, 2011.