Absolute zero temperature

Absolute zero temperature (less commonly ^[1] - Absolute zero temperature ) is the minimum temperature limit that a physical body in the Universe can have. Absolute zero serves as a reference for the absolute temperature scale, for example, the Kelvin scale. In 1954, the Xth General Conference on Weights and Measures established a thermodynamic temperature scale with one reference point - a triple point of water, the temperature of which is accepted 273.16 K (exactly), which corresponds to 0.01 °, so that the temperature corresponds to absolute zero on the Celsius scale −273.15 ° C ^[2] or -459.67 ° F ( Fahrenheit ).

Within the framework of the applicability of thermodynamics, absolute zero is unattainable in practice. Its existence and position on the temperature scale follows from the extrapolation of the observed physical phenomena, and this extrapolation shows that at absolute zero the energy of the thermal motion of the molecules and atoms of the substance should be zero, that is, the chaotic motion of the particles ceases, and they form an ordered structure, occupying a clear position in the nodes of the crystal lattice (liquid helium is an exception). However, from the point of view of quantum physics and at absolute zero temperature, there are zero vibrations , which are due to the quantum properties of particles and the physical vacuum surrounding them ^[2] .