Count (from 1799) Grigory Grigorievich Kushelev ( 1754 - November 26 (14), 1833 ) - Russian statesman and military leader, admiral (from November 24, 1798). During the reign of Paul I , he actually supervised the Russian fleet . The organizer of the Toropetsk estate Krasnopolets [1] [2] .
| Grigory G. Kushelev | |||||||
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 Portrait of Count Grigory Grigorievich Kushelev, 1827, work by O.A. Kiprensky . Oil on canvas The State Hermitage Museum ( St. Petersburg ) | |||||||
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| Predecessor | Golenishchev-Kutuzov, Ivan Logginovich | ||||||
| Successor | Mordvinov, Nikolai Semenovich | ||||||
| Birth | 1754 | ||||||
| Death | November 14 (26), 1833 | ||||||
| Kind | |||||||
| Spouse | |||||||
| Children | and | ||||||
| Awards |
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| Military service | |||||||
| Affiliation |  Russia | ||||||
| Type of army | Fleet | ||||||
| Rank | Adjutant General Admiral | ||||||
Content
Biography
Belonged to the old Kushelev family. At the age of ten, on March 30, 1766 he was enrolled in the Naval Cadet Corps . May 12, 1767 promoted to midshipman , in 1769 became a sergeant. In the years 1767-1770 annually sailed on the Baltic Sea in training ships, made the transition from Arkhangelsk to Kronstadt . April 20, 1770 promoted to the rank of midshipman . On June 22 of the same year he was appointed adjutant of the naval soldiers' battalion. Participated in the First Archipelago Expedition . March 5, 1774 promoted to lieutenant . By the same year, when Kushelev returned from the Mediterranean to Kronstadt, was his acquaintance with Tsarevich Pavel Petrovich. Kushelev always took advantage of Paul’s disposition and belonged to those few persons from the latter’s entourage who never fell into his disgrace both before and after the accession.
In 1776, Lieutenant Kushelev was fired on vacation for a year. In 1777, he was appointed a member of the Commission to compile a description of the expedition to the Archipelago. On December 31, 1779, upon request, “for poor health”, he was dismissed from service with the rank of captain-lieutenant .
March 30, 1786 the same rank returned to service. Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich , “fleets of the Russian Admiral-General,” appointed Kushelev as commander of the Gatchina flotilla , standing on lakes suitable for the Gatchina palace and belonging to the tsesarevich’s own troops. In 1788, Kushelev accompanied the Grand Duke during his stay in the Finnish army. In the same year he published the book "The Naval Navigator, or the Collection of various ships used in the war."
On May 9, 1790, “in the discussion of the prudent correction of the cases entrusted to him and for his long life in the current rank,” he was promoted to captain of the 2nd rank, and on February 9, 1793, to the rank of captain of the 1st rank, however, in general, his career progress under Catherine II went slowly.
At the accession of Paul I on November 7, 1796 he was appointed adjutant general . The next day he was promoted to major general in the Navy. On November 9, he was awarded the Order of St. Anne of the 1st degree . March 3, 1798 promoted to the rank of vice admiral . On November 1, 1798 he was appointed vice president of the Admiralty College , and on November 24 of the same year he was promoted to admiral . December 9 was awarded with diamond insignia of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky .
On February 22, 1799 Kushelev was elevated to the rank of count and in the same year, June 29, was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called . In addition, he received extensive land plots from Paul. The wealth of the 45-year-old widower increased after his second marriage (October 13, 1799) with the 16-year-old Countess Lyubov Ilyinichna Bezborodko (1783-1809), Russia's richest bride of her time. The movable and immovable property of her share of the inheritance from her uncle, Prince A. A. Bezborodko , who died in 1799, was estimated at more than 10 million rubles, excluding capital.
According to Count Rostopchin , this unequal marriage was arranged by Count Zavadovsky , and the bride willingly married [3] .
According to the testimony of A. S. Shishkov , Paul I was extremely dissatisfied with Kushelev’s marriage, suspecting him of greed. Even when the admiral fell ill, Paul expressed confidence that the doctor would kill him, adding: “ But the trouble is small, if he dies! He married wealth and went to the serfs to his wife. “I myself, sir, love women, but I will not go behind them in hell . ” Shishkov, seeing such indignation, objected: “Sovereign, maybe he didn’t do well that he married in such years, but I dare to vouch for him, which was caused by his dignity of this girl, and not by her wealth, in which he , having been awarded so much by Your Majesty, has no need ” [4] .
Despite this discontent of the emperor, on March 7, 1800 Kushelev was appointed chief director of the Department of Water Communications and Roads ("Director of Water Communications" [5] ).
Throughout the reign of Paul I, Kushelev's activity was associated with the fleet. Almost all the orders of the emperor on the sea side went through him. Count Kushelev paid much attention to improving shipbuilding, collected sea charts, and bought the best foreign atlases. With him and with his immediate participation, a new "Charter of the Navy" was compiled, published February 25, 1797; Kushelev himself wrote The Discourse on Sea Signals Serving to the Order of Navy Fleet (1st part - 1797, 2nd part - 1799), and 1000 copies of the 1st part were purchased from the author by the treasury for distribution to naval officers. In one of the letters to his eldest son, Alexander , he wrote:
“I, under the late Emperor Paul, commanded the entire fleet, road expedition, water communication, often following the excommunication of Arakcheev by the Quartermaster General, and was the founder and chief of the depot of cards .”
In 1800, at the recommendation of Kushelev, the highest command was followed to establish in the Admiralty
| a fire engine similar to that which exists in the factories of the Aglitsky merchant Byrd, so that it could correct all the block works and then there would be no need for them to maintain and feed horses, as well as lining and turning all the tools for work during shipbuilding needed ... in a word, all works, which can be done through it [6] . |
Kushelev was one of the few who was immediately removed from business immediately after accession to the throne of Alexander I. After the resignation, he rarely visited his Pskov estate, where he was engaged in agriculture, in St. Petersburg , where his wife and children lived. Kushelev used the location of the Dowager Empress Maria Fyodorovna until the end of her days.
Children
From the first marriage:
- Alexander (1796-1848), married to Prince Alexei Alexandrovich Lobanov-Rostovsky ).
From the second marriage:
- Alexander Kushelev-Bezborodko (1800-1855) - statesman. In 1816, due to the termination of the offspring of Counts Bezborodko on the male side, he received the right to be called Count Kushelev-Bezborodko.
- Grigory Kushelev (1802-1855) - lieutenant general, member of the Military Council .
After the death of their mother in 1809, Count Kushelev gave the children from their second marriage to their aunt, the sister of the late wife, Princess Cleopatra Ilyinichna Lobanova-Rostovskaya , who lived in the Polyustrovo estate.
Notes
- ↑ Journal Hall: Domestic Notes, 2003 No. 5 - Kirill Maslinsky - Overgrown Manor
- ↑ Krasnopolets (Ovsyakovo) - Demetrius of Rostov House Church
- ↑ Letters from Rostopchin to Vorontsov. News from Russia to England // Russian Archive. 1876. Book. 3.- S. 93.
- ↑ A. S. Shishkov. Notes, opinions and correspondence of Admiral A.S. Shishkov. T. 1. - Printing house in Prague, 1870. - S. 68-69.
- ↑ Sytin Military Encyclopedia , vol. 14 , p. 434-435. - SPb., 1914.
- ↑ Kushelev, Grigory Grigoryevich (admiral) // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
Literature
- Kushelev, Grigory Grigoryevich (Admiral) // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- G. Kushelev. Journal of the highest trip to Kazan through Moscow and back through Yaroslavl to Tikhvin, which was in 1798 (from May 5 to June 12) (Extracted and retold by N. Ya. Makarov) // Russian Archive, 1904 . - Book. 2. - Vol. 8. - S. 573-580.
Links
- Kushelev, Grigory Grigorievich, Count // Military Encyclopedia : [18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- Kushelev Grigory Grigoryevich