Proteins ( lat. Proteáceae ) - a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order Proteales . According to The Plant List , it includes 68 [2] genera and 1,252 [2] species .
| Proteus | |||||||||||||||||
 Grevillea Powerful ( Grevillea robusta ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||
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| International Scientific Name | |||||||||||||||||
Proteaceae Juss. | |||||||||||||||||
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Protea L. | |||||||||||||||||
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The overwhelming majority of species are small, often bush trees, bushes, less often shrubs, rarely perennial grasses . Some species are high, up to 20 meters trees ( New Zealand honeysuckle ( New Zealand ), Grevillea large ( Australia )).
Content
Spread
The vast majority of species are inhabitants of dry subtropical areas, only a few species grow in tropical rain forests (species of the genera Roupala , Helicia , Grevillea ).
All species of the family grow almost exclusively in the southern hemisphere .
In Australia and Tasmania, about 800 species. The representatives of the genera Banksia , Hakea , Dryandra , Grevillea are especially characteristic here. The second center of proteaceae is in the Cape region (about 400 species). Here the most common representatives of the genera Proteus and Leucadendron . Separate genera penetrate north to Ethiopia . Also proteaceous are numerous in New Caledonia . A relatively small number of species grows in Madagascar , South India , Sri Lanka , East and Southeast Asia , New Guinea , New Zealand and the islands of the Pacific Ocean . Several species live in Central and South America .
Helicia lancifolia penetrates farthest north [3] .
Biological description
The leaves , as a rule, are alternate, without stipules, differ by an extreme variety of shapes and sizes - from needle-shaped and awl-shaped, flat, whole and serrated to deeply dissected. The variability of the leaves is often manifested within the same species and, depending on the age of the shoots, the same specimen.
Flowers , sitting on 1 or more often 2 in the sinuses of bracts ( bracts ), are collected in brushes, ears, less often umbrellas or capitate inflorescences . The inflorescences are often surrounded by a wrap of numerous brightly colored sterile bracts or apical leaves and resemble the inflorescences of the flowers , and after the fruits ripen, the bud is a gymnosperm .
Flowers bisexual (dioecious in members of the genus Leucadendron ), regular or zygomorphic, 4-membered with simple corolla-shaped, peristicular perianth . Stamens 4. Gynetsy formed by a single carpel .
The fruit is a leaflet, a box, a nutlet or a drupe. Seeds are numerous or 1-2, usually without endosperm , often winged. Fruits and seeds in many species are extremely resistant to heat . The fruits of some species are revealed only under the influence of high temperatures, which is an adaptation to seasonal fires [3] .
Subfamilies
- Bellendenoideae
- Grevilleoideae
- Persoonioideae
- Proteus
- Symphionematoideae
Birth List
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In culture
In the botanical garden collections, protean plants are a relatively rare group. In GBS, the protean collection began to be collected from the late 60s of the 20th century. In 1991, the collection numbered more than 120 species belonging to 18 genera. Most of the plants are grown from seeds obtained from the botanical gardens of Australia, South Africa and Europe . Grevillea major and Stenocarpus sinuatus obtained in 1948 from the GDR [3] .
Most of the cultivated in rooms and greenhouses Protean belong to the cold and moderate temperature group . Reproduction by seeds and cuttings [4] .
Gallery
Macadamia Nuts ( Macadamia integrifolia ) | Banksia bright red ( Banksia coccinea ) | Gevuina avellana |
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Notes
- ↑ About the conditionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the section “APG Systems” of the article “Dicotyledons” .
- ↑ 1 2 Proteaceae according to The Plant List website (English) (lat.) (Tested on August 25, 2014)
- ↑ 1 2 3 G. Porubinovskaya. The determinant of species of the family Proteaceae Juss. Greenhouse plants: Tables for determination: Sat. scientific Art. M.: Science, 1991. - 256 p.
- ↑ Saakov S. G. Greenhouse and indoor plants and their care. - Moscow "Science", 1985
Literature
- Broken // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Hoot, SB & A. W. Douglas. 1998. "Phylogeny of the Proteaceae based on atpB and atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer region sequences." Australian Systematic Botany, 11: 301–320
- Weston, PH: Proteaceae, In Kubitzki, K. (Editor). The Families and the Genera of Vascular Plants. Ix. Flowering Plants - Eudicots.- Springer-Verlag: Berlín, 2007
- Feuer S. 1990. Pollen Aperture Evolution Among the Subfamilies Persoonioideae, Sphalmioideae, and Carnarvonioideae (Proteaceae). // American Journal of Botany 77: 783-794