Extract (cell extract, cell-free system) - cells destroyed by mechanical or chemical ( osmotic shock) method, used to reproduce biochemical processes "in vitro". To obtain extracts, cells of a certain type are used, most often, cells of wheat seedlings or rabbit reticulocytes . Conducting experiments in cell extracts allows you to control the influence of individual components on the course of complex processes such as DNA replication and transcription . Subsequent fractionation of extracts may produce large amounts of individual proteins, for example, translation initiation factors.
History
At the end of the 19th century, the chemical community did not agree on whether living cells are necessary for fermentation of sugars ( fermentation ) or catalytic processes occur at the level of individual molecules. In 1897, the German chemists brothers Hans and Eduard Buchner showed that cell-free yeast extract catalyzes fermentation [1] .
Notes
- ↑ NH Barton, DEG Briggs, JA Eisen “Evolution,” Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2007 -P.38.- ISBN 978-0879696849
Links
- Vinarov DA, Loushin Newman CL, Markley JL.DA, "Wheat germ cell-free platform for eukaryotic protein production". FEBS J., 2006 273 (18): 4160-9, 2006