Intendant ( fr. Intendant - manager , caretaker ) - in France, initially, any person who was entrusted with any branch of management, then - an official of the military department serving in the quartermaster unit [1] .
Content
In France
In France in the 15th — 18th centuries, the quartermaster was an official in charge of a separate branch of government: trade, finance, police, real estate, etc. [2] . A post with such powers, like ministerial , was introduced by Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642), who sought to centralize the administrative apparatus.
In 1552, Henry II introduced the position of “ ”, which was then occupied by three people. In 1561, they were promoted to the highest position - superintendent of finance . In 1581 , Henry III approved the position of "chief quartermaster" at the court.
The first "chief intendant of music" was the Italian violinist Balthazarini de Belzhozo , who staged the Queen's Comedy Ballet - a performance in which music and dance were first given as a stage act, thereby initiating court ballet .
In the 17th-18th centuries there were intendants of the provinces who had judicial, police, financial, and partly military authority in the localities. Subordinates only to the central government, they were "the only executor of any governmental will" [3] . Unlike the governors who were appointed from the clan nobility, the guides were mainly representatives of the third estate , who bought the noble title . Leaving behind the former governors of the highest nobility only representative functions, the main administrative power was transferred to the commissaries by Jean-Baptiste Colbert , who sought the state centralization of France by Louis XIV . Many of the powers of the provincial intendants were later received by the prefects .
In Spain
In monarchical Spain, the quartermaster is the head of the intention , a special administrative (in fact administrative-territorial) unit of mainland and colonial Spain.
In the military
Quartermaster - an official in the armed forces in charge of logistic support for troops and forces [2] . Since the XIX century, intendants existed in the armed forces of the French Republic, the Germanic, Russian, Austro-Hungarian empires and in other states and countries.
In the Armed Forces of the Russian Empire
(Chief Field Officer during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 )
The position of the quartermaster, established according to the " Institution for the management of a large active army ", existed in the field headquarters of the Russian army in 1812-1868. The quartermaster was responsible for the food supply, financial, medical, veterinary and clothing support of the army. Later, according to the " Regulations on the field control of troops in wartime " was replaced by the post of intendant of the army [4] . It was also called the head of the Directorate General Directorate of the Military Ministry of the Russian Empire in 1864-1867.
- The quartermaster general (1812–1868), also that the quartermaster general of the army
- 1868 - The post of army general quartermaster is replaced by the army quartermaster position.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the following positions existed in the armed forces of the Russian Empire:
- Chief Quartermaster - Head of the Quartermaster Directorate
- District Quartermaster - Head of District Quartermaster Department
- Corps intendant - the head of the corps quartermaster department (in peacetime, this post existed as part of some corps only)
- Divisional quartermaster - head of divisional quartermaster department
- The fortress quartermaster - the head of the quartermaster providing the fortress
- Quartermaster of the main apartment - produced vacation of all items of the quartermaster allowance to the ranks of the main apartment.
The following quartermaster establishments existed in the armed forces of the Russian Empire:
- warehouses
- uniform shops
- carts workshops
- food stores
- military bakeries in the western border districts
- flour mills in the western border districts
- senopressovalnya in Zhlobin .
According to the organization of peacetime, there was one intendantsky transport in Warsaw , with grocery stores, for transporting rye and flour from stores to mills and military bakeries, as well as provisions and fodder in part of the troops that did not have lifting horses. In 1891 this transport consisted of 31 horses.
In the USSR Armed Forces
In the Red Army in 1935 military ranks were introduced for the military-economic and administrative composition:
- technical assistant of the 2nd rank ;
- technical assistant 1st rank ;
- quartermaster 3rd rank ;
- quartermaster of rank 2 ;
- quartermaster 1st rank ;
- brigintendant ;
- divintendant ;
- Corintendant ;
- armintendant .
In May 1940, for the higher commanding staff of the quartermaster service, general ranks were introduced with the addition of the quartermaster service; In the same year, the positions of the main quartermaster, district quartermaster, and army were established.
The intendants supervised the work of the services of food, clothing, logistics and housing services. In March 1942, general military ranks were added to the heads of economic services with the addition of the words “quartermaster service”.
In 1955, the positions of the intendants in the Soviet Army were abolished, their functions were transferred to the relevant services of the rear [5] . Military ranks with the prefix "quartermaster service" were excluded from the list of military ranks of the USSR Armed Forces in 1984.
See also
- Provincial Master
Notes
- ↑ Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 tons.] / Ch. ed. Yu. S. Osipov . - M .: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
- ↑ 1 2 Quartermaster // Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia . - Almaty: Kazakh Encyclopedias , 2005. - T. II. - ISBN 9965-9746-3-2 .
- ↑ Quartermaster // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 add.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Инт General Quartermaster / / Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 add.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Article "Quartermaster" in TSB
Literature
- Quartermaster // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Quartermasterism // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 add.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Quartermaster places // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 add.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Quartermaster transports / / Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.