Plutong (from Fr. peloton , tangle, com, swarm - platoon ) - the name of the lower units in the armed forces of the Russian Empire .
In the Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language of Vladimir Dahl, plutong is defined as a small separation of troops in the ranks , for firing with plutongs, small volleys [1] .
Palka will be! Charge the gun! - Plutongs , half divisions , divisions .
- A.V. Suvorov
Hence the plutong control - when the fire of each plutong is controlled by an individual person [2] .
Content
History
Initially, the plutong was not a regular unit, but was an element of the organization of infantry rifle fire [3] . First introduced by the Swedish king Gustav Adolf in 1618 [4] . The plutong system was later adopted in the armies of Britain, Austria, Holland and Russia [5] .
In the Russian army of the XVIII century, the plutong was called the lower infantry unit , which corresponds to the modern platoon . Introduced by Peter I. The plutong division was used both in the ranks and in battle order, in particular, fusiliers , pikemen , soldiers and so on fired plutongs (a salvo of the entire unit when one row from the knee charged, and the other, standing, fired).
At that time, firing (shooting) in combat was carried out by several methods, including plutongs [3] . For this, the company (company) was lined up in lines and divided into 4 plutons (platoon). When shooting, each plutong fired alternately - in this way rifle fire rolled along the company line. This method of shooting was then considered the most progressive in military affairs and was widely used first in the Dutch, then in the English and Russian armies.
In the Russian fleet of the 18th – early 20th centuries, the plutong comprised each individual naval gun or several guns (group of guns) of the same caliber or at least different caliber on a ship located in a separate room (compartment) and convenient for controlling one person [6] . Plutong roughly corresponds to the modern concept of calculation and battery . The plutong guns (guns) were positioned so that overall voice control was possible, and they acted simultaneously on the same target.
See also
- Organization of troops and forces
Notes
- ↑ Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by Vladimir Dahl
- ↑ Military Encyclopedia (Sytin, 1911-1915).
- ↑ 1 2 Website of Peter.brigad.ru, "The Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment", 1709, Military Regulations.
- ↑ p. 250 Curtis, Thomas The London Encyclopaedia: Or, Universal Dictionary of Science, Art, Literature, and Practical Mechanics ... Volume 9 T. Tegg, 1829
- ↑ p. 404 Nimwegen, Olaf Van The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588-1688 Boydell & Brewer, 10/21/2010
Literature
- Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by Vladimir Dahl.
- “Artillery non-commissioned officer”, “Artillery conductor”, “Quick fire”, “Sea gun”, “Transfer of orders on a ship”, Military Encyclopedia (Sytin, 1911-1915).