Dravert, Peter Ludovicovich

Born January 4 ( 16 ), 1879 in the city of Vyatka , in the family of a large official.

• Father - Ludovik Stanislavovich Dravert (a descendant of a captured Napoleonic officer who remained in Russia), graduated from the law faculty of Moscow University , was fond of history, was a member of the Imperial Society of Lovers of Natural History, Anthropology and Ethnography at Moscow University, wrote poetry. His grandfather was a Frenchman, descended from the crusaders ( French Drap vert - “green banner”) ^[2]
• Mother - Varvara Dmitrievna Dravert (nee Dalmatova) - died early when he was 13 years old. She was a student of the famous Russian philologist I.I. Sreznevsky . ^[3] Varvara Dmitrievna loved poetry and in every possible way encouraged the first poetic experiments of her son.

Study and Link

From 5 to 17 years old he lived in the city of Yekaterinburg , began to study at the gymnasium. In 1896-1899 he studied at the gymnasium in the city of Kazan .

In 1899 he entered the natural department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Kazan State University . In February 1901, he was arrested for participating in a revolutionary student demonstration and exiled to Perm province . In the fall of 1901 he returned to Kazan and continued his studies at the university. In 1901-1904 he conducted research in the South-Western Baikal region , in the Urals and p. Volga .

In 1906 he was exiled a second time for participating in a revolutionary student movement in Yakutia , in Vilyuisk for 10 years. At the request of the Academy of Sciences, 5 years later he was returned to the city of Tomsk , he was denied entry to the European part of the USSR.

In exile, he was engaged in mineralogical research in the Yakutsk, Olekminsky and Vilyui districts, took an active part in the study of the natural resources of the Yakutsk region . In 1907 he studied salt deposits on the Kempendiai River; in 1908, on the instructions of the Yakut governor I.I. Kraft , traveled to the mouth of the river. Lena for the study of flora and fauna of the coast; in 1909 he studied salt sources - Bayan-Kel and Abalakh lakes and described their healing possibilities. He set forth his scientific research in the works “Expedition to the Suntarsky Saline Region”, “ Plaster in Yakutia”, “On the Question of Precious Stones of the Yakutsk Region”, “ Opals in the Yakutsk Region”. Valuable information can be found in the work “Materials for Ethnography and Geography of the Yakutsk Region”.

In 1910, at the request of his father, he transferred to the city of Kazan for treatment. From May 25 of the next year, instead of Yakutia, under the intercession of Academician V.I. Vernadsky, he was sent into exile in Tomsk under the public supervision of the police.

After serving the term of exile, in 1912 he continued his studies at Kazan University . In 1914 he graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Kazan University with a degree in Mineralogy , as an established scientist.

Work and Arrests

In 1916, he participated in the expedition of the Geological Committee , which studied gold deposits in the Vilyui river basin.

He spent the years of the Civil War in Western Siberia.

In 1918-1940 he was an assistant, then a professor of mineralogy, geology and geophysics at various higher educational institutions of the city of Omsk .

From 1918 to 1930 he worked at the Siberian Agricultural Academy (later renamed the Omsk Agricultural Institute) and for 5 years he was elected president of the academic bureau of the Academy (UBA).

In 1921 he was arrested in the course of "preventive" measures and because of his Socialist Revolutionary past.

In 1925-1927 he visited the Bayanaul Mountains ( Kazakhstan ), identified and studied earthquakes there. On the southeastern shore of Lake Zhasyby P.L.Dravert in one of the grottoes were discovered and first described cave paintings made by ocher. Now it is Dravert's Grotto .

In 1930, he was arrested as part of a group of Omsk scientists for participating in the “counter-revolutionary wrecking organization of the OIC” (OIC - the Society for the Study of Siberia and its productive forces). In the summer of 1931, the “OIC case” was sent for consideration by the Special Meeting of the OGPU Board, which in October of that year returned it to Novosibirsk, without seeing evidence of the existence of a “wrecking” organization in these materials. Released at the end of 1931. ^[four]

From 1938 to 1940 he was in charge of the scientific part of Borovoye State Reserve .

During the Great Patriotic War, he prepared a large summary of the mineral resources of the Omsk Region, conducted experiments on the use of mineral surrogates to replace scarce natural raw materials. During the war, the region lost most of the imported raw materials - the railway was overloaded. It was urgent to establish a supply of industry with local raw materials. This issue was dealt with by the regional laboratory of building materials, in which P.L.Dravert was appointed director in 1942. The main focus of the laboratory was to study the use of local building materials and fuels. Peter Ludovikovich paid close attention to the northern regions. In 1943, an article was published “On Minerals of the Tara Region”, in 1944 - “Agronomic Ores in Siberia”, “On Two Minerals”. He has become one of the leading experts in this field.

Funeral

He died on January 12, 1945 in the city of Omsk , the funeral was scheduled for January 15 ^[5] .

“A brief record of the funeral of P. L. Dravert” was made by the director of the Omsk Museum of Local Lore A.F. Palashenkov, published and retold by the Omsk writer and journalist A. E. Leifer. The memorial service was held on a frosty Sunday afternoon December 16, 1945 in the mineralogical office of the museum. “The last,” says the “Short Record,” said N.V. Gorban , teacher of the pedagogical institute. He gave a speech in Latin. ”(Friends, Dravert and Gorban, agreed in advance that the remainder would give the outgoing speech in Latin).

Among the shelves with samples of minerals and rocks, a coffin is set surrounded by fresh flowers and pine branches. The table on which he stands is covered with gold-embroidered dark red velvet. Only a few, only the museum workers themselves know: this is nothing more than the mantle of the last Russian Empress Alexandra Fedorovna , extracted from the storerooms, which in some bizarre ways got into Omsk after the revolution. Around - friends and admirers of Dravert, writers (among them the young Sergey Zalygin ), professors of Omsk universities, the color of the then local science.

A kind of gloomy, purely Russian-Soviet humor also consists in the fact that the old political prisoner and the Yakut exile of the bygone tsarist times lie on the magnificent imperial mantle, and the mournful and solemn Latin text pronounces the recent political prisoner and the Kazakh-Tobol exile of the new Stalin era.

- A. E. Leifer. Solve God's Purpose ^[6]

P.L.Dravert was buried in the Cossack cemetery of the city of Omsk. In 1961, his ashes were transferred to the Old East Cemetery.

The Omsk Museum of History and Local Lore was bequeathed to his personal collection of several thousand items: documents, photographs of the Dravert-Dalmatov family; their scientific correspondence with V. I. Vernadsky and A. L. Chizhevsky , collections of bookplates, bon, coins of Russia and Europe, minerals and much more.

In 1921, P. L. Dravert at the request of Academicians V. N. Vernadsky and A. E. Fersman, together with L. A. Kulik, took part in the first Soviet meteorite expedition.

In 1929 he participated in an expedition to study the Tunguska meteorite . In 1927-1945 he headed the Omsk Meteorite Commission, and in 1939-1945 he was a member of the Committee on Meteorites of the USSR Academy of Sciences . Dravert examined the conditions of the falls and collected new meteorites ( Khmelevka , Kuznetsovo, Erofeevka, Novorybinskoye, etc.), described some meteorite falls and compiled a catalog of bright fireballs observed in Western Siberia.

V. A. Obruchev called P. L. Dravert "a major public figure and local historian, archaeologist, researcher in many regions of Siberia, the Urals, and the Volga region." In 1927, at the first local history congress, Dravert made a report “On the Need for Observations of Meteorites and Fireballs in Siberia” and headed the meteorite commission at the Omsk branch of the All-Union Astronomical and Geodesic Society. L. A. Kulik said: “I am calm for Siberia and Kazakhstan. Not a single pebble will be lost there. There is a Dravert. ”

Dravert explored a mysterious and rarely observed natural phenomenon - abnormal sounds accompanying the flight of bright meteors. He gave him the name " electronic car race ", which has become generally accepted. The phenomenon itself has been observed since ancient times. The first accurately dated description was made in 585 ( France ). Today it can be considered proven that abnormal sounds are a real fact based on a large number of reliable observations. ^[7] One of the mysterious properties of these fireballs is the abnormally fast propagation of the sound accompanying it. It is known that sound propagates in air at a speed of about 330 m / s, and therefore, to reach an observer who is many tens and even hundreds of kilometers away from a flying car, he needs at least several tens of seconds. However, eyewitnesses speak of sounds simultaneous with the flight of the car. There is still no fully confirmed theory. But there is a verse of P. L. Dravert "Fireball" ^[8]

In the 40s P.L. Dravert was in poverty and V.I. Vernadsky, having received the Stalin Prize in 1944, bought from Pyotr Ludovikovich a collection of minerals and meteorites.

The scientist made more than 50 trips and expeditions in the Middle Volga , Urals , Bashkiria and Siberia . In the vicinity of Omsk, Dravert discovered a mineral of the kaolin group - ermakit, examined phosphorites of the Omsk-Tarsky Irtysh region, calcareous raw materials in the Omsk Irtysh region, and local brown coal . In the last years of his life, he was a researcher at the Omsk Museum of Local Lore, taught minerals to young people and worked on compiling the only bibliography of meteoric literature in the USSR.

P. L. Dravert is known as a poet, author of a number of poetry collections, the first of which was published under the name “Shadows and Resounds” (Kazan, 1904). The Siberian Soviet Encyclopedia (1927, volume 1) wrote about his poems: "they abound in scientific terms, the names of minerals, but this, without depriving them of artistry, gives a kind of originality." AE Fersman knew by heart many of Dravert’s poems and enthusiastically recited them at evening bonfires to his colleagues on geological and mineralogical expeditions. Leonid Martynov appreciated the poetry of P. Dravert and admired the “harmonious combination of both principles” in Peter Ludovikovich, a scientist and poet ^[9] . Dravert was also a famous bibliophile.

In the Gorky district of the Omsk region, on the right bank of the Irtysh, there is a geomorphological natural monument, the tract Dravert Coast , named after its first explorer. The geological section presents rocks of the Neogene and Paleogene ages, prints of ancient plants, bones of ancient animals (mammoth fauna), archaeologists discovered the site of ancient people.

On July 31, 2009, as part of the celebration of the founding day of Omsk, a memorial stone was opened in honor of Peter Dravert on Martynov Boulevard (Literatov Alley). This is a white stone with a carved name, just above which is a meteorite fragment. ^[ten]

In Soviet times, Omsk existed Dravert Street. In 1984, for unknown reasons, it was renamed the Boulevard of Architects. ^[11] In 2007, the name of Dravert was again assigned to Omsk Street, this time already located on the very outskirts of the city ^[12] .

P.L.Dravert left behind hundreds of scientific papers and articles (biographers differ in an accurate assessment of their number).

• Preliminary report on a trip to Baikal in 1902, Minutes of meetings of the Society of Natural Sciences of Kazan University, 1904, v. 34 No. 216.
• Opals in the Yakutsk region. Kazan, 1915
• On the use of rhizomes of susak as a substitute for bread // Omsk, 1921
• Key to the most important minerals of Siberia with an index of their deposits. Edition Zap.-Sib. Dep. Russian Geographical Society, Omsk, 1922
• Gemstones of Siberia // Siberian Lights. 1923. No. 5/6.
• Wild people of Moulin and Chuchun // Future Siberia , 1933 No. 6. (B. F. Porshnev singled out this work as an important source of information for searching for relic hominids)
• Biological method of combating malaria // Omsk region. 1939. No. 3. (together with Maltsev M.V.)
• Cosmic cloud over the Yamal-Nenets okrug // Omsk region. 1945. No. 5.
• Sunken meteorites of the USSR // Bull. ICA Central Committee, 1940, N 17, p. 2.
• About the find of the Khmelevka stone meteorite that fell 1. III - 1929 // Meteorics, 1941, no. one;
• About the fall of the Kuznetsovo stone meteorite // Meteorics, 1941, no. 2;
• Lost meteorites of the Asian part of the USSR // Meteorics, 1948, no. four;
• Letters of P. L. Dravert // Siberian Lights. 1969. No. 8. P. 151-153.

Poetry

• Shadows and echoes (Kazan, 1904);
• Series of moments (Yakutsk, 1908);
• Under the sky of the Yakut Territory (Tomsk, 1911);
• Poems (Kazan, 1913);
• Siberia (Novonikolaevsk, 1923);

Posthumous collections

• Poems about Siberia (Omsk, 1957)
• Northern Flowers (Novosibirsk, 1968)
• I see the sun beyond the sun (Novosibirsk, 1979)

Dravert's Poem Collections

• Muse in the temple of science. Anthology. Comp. V.F. Nozdrev. M .: Soviet Russia, 1982 (2nd ed., 1988).
• Astronomical and mineralogical poetry of Peter Dravert // Bulletin of the International Institute of A. Bogdanov. 2004. No. 1 (17).

Prose

• “The Story of a Mammoth and a Glacial Man (An Absolutely Fantastic Story)” (1909), a fantastic story (the first part of the story was first published in a separate edition under the pseudonym Hector D. , the second never appeared).
• In the Far North (1912), a story.
• Celestine (1915), the poet himself attributed it to the genre of "a story similar to a fairy tale," usually referred to as a prosaic miniature, or even referred to as a "poem in prose" (academician A. Fersman).
• Meteorite with the inscription (1940), essay.

The above prose came out in the book: Dravert P. I see the sun beyond the sun: Poems. Prose. - Novosibirsk: Zap.-Sib. Prince publishing house, 1979. Other stories are published in Kazan and Omsk newspapers, magazines and almanacs.

Dravert has a poem, "The Starry Star," written in 1944:

You think she fell into the sea
Blue star - to the bottom
Came and buried in quicksand,
From an alien world a random piece ...
………………………….
The deep air deeper than the sea
And our star did not measure them, -
Faded away at a far dumb height
Accessible so far only a bold dream.

No wonder faded away: in countless circles
Her rolling girlfriends
Some part from Cosmos will fall
Involving forever in the earth's circulation ...

Let your life path be short
But you can also sparkle radiantly,
Leaving the trail alive,
Builder, artist, scientist, poet!

По воспоминаниям В. Г. Уткова, сам Драверт подчеркивал, что его отчество «не Людвигович, а Людовикович!»

Жена — Бадаева Павла Константиновна (род. около 1900).

• Драверт // И.А. Дедков, Сергей Залыгин: страницы жизни, страницы творчества / И. А. Дедков. - М. : Современник, 1985. - 431 с. - (Литературные портреты).- с. 5 — 16
• Драверт, Пётр Людовикович // Томск от А до Я: Краткая энциклопедия города. / Ed. Dr. East. Sciences N. M. Dmitrienko . - 1st ed. — Томск: Изд-во НТЛ, 2004. — С. 105. — 440 с. - 3,000 copies. - ISBN 5-89503-211-7 .
• Астапович И. С., Чирвинский П. Н. Памяти П. Л. Драверта // Природа. 1950, № 12.
• Утков В. Г. Встречи с П. Л. Дравертом // Утков В. Г. Предвестники. Связь времен. М.: Мысль. 1982.
• Гловели Г. Д. Сибирский Фауст // Вестник Международного института А.Богданова // 2004. № 1 (17).
• Вибе П. П., Михеев А. П., Пугачева Н. М. Омский историко-краеведческий словарь. М, 1994. С. 78—79.
• Чирвинский П. Н. П. Л. Драверт и его роль в метеоритике // Метеоритика, 1948, вып. 4 (имеется библиография работ Драверта).
• Сенцов В., Тарский Г. Петр Людвигович Драверт (К 85-летию со дня рождения) // Календарь знаменательных и памятных дат. Якутск, 1964. С. 8—12. Библиогр.: 50 назв.
• Яновский Н. Н. Драверт, Петр Людвикович / КЛЭ. Т. 2. М.: СЭ, 1964. Ст. 772.
• Драверт Петр Людовикович // Писатели Восточной Сибири: Биобиблиогр. decree. Иркутск, 1973. С. 102—103. Библиогр.: 34 назв.
• Малютина А. Воспоминания о П. Л. Драверте // Енисей. 1973. № 4.
• Самойленко С. Петр Людовикович Драверт: 1879—1979. Библиографич. указатель литературы. Омск, 1979.
• Лейфер А. Э. Сибири не изменю! Страницы одной жизни. Новосибирск: Зап.-Сиб. Prince изд-во, 1979. 134 с.
• Лейфер А. Э. Петр Драверт: новые страницы // Сибирские огни. 1983. № 8.
• П. Л. Драверт (110 лет со дня рождения) // Якутия-1989: Библиогр. указ.-календарь. Якутск, 1989. С. 9—10. Библиогр.: 14 назв.
• Мацуев Н. Русские советские писатели. 1917—1967. М.: СП, 1981. С. 77.
• Халымбаджа И. Г. Драверт Петр Людвигович // Энциклопедия фантастики: Кто есть кто / Под ред. Vl. Гакова. Минск: ИКО «Галаксиас», 1995. С. 222.
• Павлов А. А. 125 лет со дня рождения П. Л. Драверта, ученого, исследователя Сибири, поэта // Календарь знаменательных и памятных дат Якутия-2004 / Нац. б-ка Респ. Саха (Якутия); Сост.: Я. А. Захарова, Л. И. Кондакова; Ed. Т. С. Максимова. Якутск: Сахаполиграфиздат, 2003. 160 с.
• Лейфер А. Э. Разгадать замысел Бога… Из жизни российского учёного Александра Николаевича Горбаня. Документальная повесть-мозаика. Омск: Издательский дом «Лео», 2007.
• Мартынов Л. Друг Вернадского / Стоглав: Новеллы // Дар будущему: Стихи и воспоминания. М.: Вече, 2008. С.502-513.
• Утков В. Г. Люди, судьбы, события. Зап-Сиб.изд., 1970. [Очерк о Драверте].

• П. Л. Драверт в Архиве РАН
• П. Л. Драверт на сайте «Космический мемориал»
• Раздел Репрессированные геологи — Репрессии учёных, биографические материалы (968 персоналий)
• Драверт Петр Людовикович (1879—1945) на сайте «Метеориты»
• Стихи Драверта в Журнальном зале РЖ
• Библиография в информационной системе « История геологии и горного дела »
• Чирвинский П. Н. Петр Людовикович Драверт : Некролог. Молотов, [до 1953 года]. 7 c.