Malgobek

Located in the Alkhanchurt Valley , on the southern slope of the Terek Range , 40 km (as the crow flies) from the capital of the republic - the city of Magas . Malgobek is located in the westernmost part of the valley, to the west of the city, it narrows, oppressed from the north by the Tersky Range, and from the south by the Sunzhensky Range and one of its spurs (Mount Arik-Paptsa , 510.9 m), in the direction of the village of Nizhny Kurp ( Kabardino-Balkaria ), where it closes the valley of the Kurp River, stretching in the meridional direction from south to north. Thus, already a few kilometers south of Malgobek, located on the northern border of the valley, the Sunzhensky Range rises. Alkhanchurt valley expands to the east. The western branch of the Alkhanchurt canal flows along the southeastern border of the city. It originates from the Alkhanchurt canal near the village of Nizhnye Achaluki , then goes far north-west to Malgobek and then rushes east to the mouth of the valley.

The territory of the city (and the corresponding city district) includes not only Malgobek itself, but also all the surrounding oil-producing villages and areas of the Malgobek-Gorsky oil field , located on the crest of the Terek range to the north, northeast and northwest of the city. Among these villages:

In the course of activating landslide processes in the vicinity of Malgobek caused by the development of existing oil fields, the former mining villages and sites were in the landslide zone, and therefore people are moving to new territories today. Previously, the largest of them were the Victory section (1,200 people), the village of Old Malgobek (850 people), the Chapayev section (520 people) - as of 1988 ^[2] .

The nearest settlements: in the south - the village of Sagopshi (actually joins Malgobek) and the village of Psedakh , in the south-west - the village of Inarki , in the north-west - the village of Nizhny Kurp (Kabardino-Balkaria), in the north, already behind the Tersky ridge - the village Vezhariy , in the north-east, on the ridge and slopes of the ridge - the villages of Maliy Malgobek and Piedmont ( North Ossetia ), the village of Voznesenskaya , in the east - the village of Yuzhnoye , in the south-east - the villages of Zyazikov-Yurt , Nizhnye Achaluki, Novyy Redant .

The toponym “Malgobek” is considered primary for the western part of the Terek range and is derived from the Kabardian language . Original cabard.-Cherk. Melgabeg is a compound word consisting of mel - “sheep”, the prefix caesative ge- and the root of the verb beg - “swell” (in the meaning “swell from poison”) ^[9] .

In 1934, by resolution of the All - Russian Central Executive Committee, the village of Voznesenskoye, Voznesensky Village Council of the Sunzhensky District of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Region, was transformed into the working settlement of Malgobek. By the decree of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of August 27, 1939, the settlement was transformed into a city ^[1] . The emergence and rapid growth of the village, and then the city associated with the development of the Malgobek-Gorsky oil field .

Great Patriotic War

The heroic pages of the history of Malgobek are related to the period of the Great Patriotic War .

One of the main objectives of the German offensive in the Caucasus in 1942 was to capture the main areas of oil production in the USSR - Grozny and Baku . Therefore, after the Germans reached the Terek line in the area of Mozdok and Prokhladny in August, the direction to Malgobek became one of the priorities for further offensive. Malgobek is the center of a large oil-bearing region (the first oil fields in the North Caucasus were captured in early August, when the enemy occupied Maykop ). In addition, the capture of Malgobek opened for the Germans access to the Alkhanchurt valley , along which it was possible to develop an offensive further to the southeast, on Grozny.

In early September, the German 1st Tank Army began to force the Terek in the area of ​​Mozdok. Heavy defensive battles, which led the Germans in this direction, the Soviet 9th Army ( 11th Guards Rifle Corps and other units), make up the Mozdok-Malgobek defensive operation , which lasted from September 1 to September 28, 1942 ^[10] . Despite violent counterattacks by the Soviet troops, the formations of the 1st Tank Army managed to create 2 bridgeheads on the southern bank of the Terek - in the area of ​​Mozdok ( Predmostny farm) and near the village of Kizlyar . Expanding them, on September 12, the Germans occupied the village of Malgobek (also called Malgobek-2 , West Malgobek ), which is now located on the territory of North Ossetia , in the north-west direction from the city of Malgobek, and has no relation to the city in Ingushetia. However, due to the same names, the date of September 12 is often mistakenly called the beginning of the occupation of the city. In the area of ​​the village of Malgobek, the 37th Army of the Northern Group of the Transcaucasian Front defended, while the 9th Army, located east of the 37th, covered the direction to the Malgobek oil fields from the north.

The fascist offensive on the city of Malgobek (also called Eastern Malgobek ) began only on September 26 from the west, from the region of the headwaters of the Alkhanchurt Valley , and also from the north, through the crest of the Terek Range . However, the initial attempts to break into the valley, taking Psedakh , Sagopshi and Malgobek, were unsuccessful. It was only on October 5 that the forces of the 52nd Army Corps of the 1st Tank Army ( 111th Infantry Division ) and the 5th SS Panzer Viking Division managed to break into the western part of Malgobek. On the Soviet side, in the area of ​​the city, the 5th Guards Tank Brigade , the 52nd Tank Brigade , the 9th Infantry Brigade , the 57th Infantry Brigade , the 59th Infantry Brigade and other units defended themselves. By October 19, the front stabilized, although local battles continued later ^[11] .

The enemy could not fully capture the Malgobek oil fields during the autumn battles of 1942 (their eastern part was left to the Soviet troops). The 57th Infantry Brigade for defensive battles in the Malgobek region and attempts to counterattack the enemy in order to liberate the city in October 1942 was subsequently awarded the Order of the Red Banner ^[12] .

Since November 1942, the 58th Army ( 271st Infantry Division and other units) and the 44th Army ( 223rd , 416th Infantry Divisions, other units) occupied the line of defense in the area of ​​Malgobek, on the Terek , on the outskirts of Mozdok. ). In early January 1943, after the catastrophic defeat of the Germans near Stalingrad , the offensive of the Transcaucasian Front began , in the hope of preempting the retreat of the German troops, who feared encirclement in the Caucasus. On January 3, 1943, the forces of Malgobek and Mozdok were liberated by the forces of the 58th and 44th armies.

Post-war period

In 1944, after the deportation of Chechens and Ingushs , Malgobek was transferred to the North Ossetian ASSR and remained there until 1957, when he was returned to the restored Chechen-Ingush ASSR .

In the Soviet period, the basis of the economy of Malgobek remained oil. There was a brick factory, as well as food industry enterprises ^[13] . The population of the city grew until the 1970s, then remaining at the same level until the early 1990s. At the same time, the ethnic composition of the population gradually changed. Practically since the founding of the city, the number of Russians has decreased, and the number of Ingushs has grown ^{[14] [15] [16]} .

Since 1992, after the separation of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Malgobek has been part of Ingushetia. In the 2000s and 2010s, in the city, as well as in Ingushetia as a whole, the activity of an Islamist bandit underground operating in the North Caucasus was noted. The city repeatedly attacked law enforcement officers, committed terrorist acts, carried out special operations against the militants.

On October 8, 2007, in memory of the courage, resilience, heroism shown by the city’s defenders during the Great Patriotic War, Malgobek was given the honorary title of the City of Military Glory by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation . On May 9, 2010, the city ​​of military glory stela solemnly opened in the city ^[17] , which immediately became one of the symbols of Malgobek. Even before its official opening, in January 2010, the emblem of the city was changed - a commemorative stele became its central element ^[18] . In 2010, a postal block dedicated to Malgobek and other Cities of military glory was released. In 2011, a commemorative coin dedicated to Malgobek was issued in the coin series “ Cities of Military Glory ”.

On November 5, 2013, in memory of the soldiers of the 9th infantry brigade , the 223rd and 416th infantry divisions of the 44th army , formed in the Azerbaijan SSR and who fought in the area of ​​Malgobek in 1942-1943, the Alley of the President was opened in the city Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev , which symbolizes the friendship and unity of the peoples of Russia and Azerbaijan. A memorial sign with the image of Heydar Aliyev ^{[19] [20] was} installed on the alley. On the same day, a bust of Alexei Berest was opened in Malgobek, one of the participants of the hoisting of the Victory Banner over the Reichstag building ^[21] .

On May 10, 2015, the city of military glory Malgobek and the Belarusian city of Brest became sister cities ^[22] .

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  The IS-3 tank is a monument to soldiers of the 52nd tank brigade , defenders of the city of Malgobek (1942-1943). 2011.

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  The ceremony of awarding President Vladimir V. Putin certificates of awarding Malgobek the honorary title " City of Military Glory " to the head of the city administration M. A. Alikhanov (center). November 7, 2007.

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  Commemorative coin dedicated to the City of Military Glory Malgobek. 2011.

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  A series of postage stamps dedicated to the cities of military glory: Malgobek, Yelna , Yelets , Voronezh , Luga . 2010

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  The coat of arms of Malgobek in 2010–2013.

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  Aliroroev Hamid Street in Malgobek

As of January 1, 2018, in terms of population, the city was located at 423 out of 1113 ^[38] cities of the Russian Federation ^[39] .

According to the forecast of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia , the population will be ^[40] :

• 2024 - 39,69 thousand people.
• 2035 - 41.89 thousand people.

Malgobek is the fourth largest populated area in Ingushetia after Nazran , Sunzha and Karabulak .

National composition

According to the 2002 All-Russian Population Census ^[41] and 2010 ^[42] :

The structure of local government of the city of Malgobek is ^[43] :

• representative body of the municipality - City Council;
• the head of the municipality - the head of the city of Malgobek;
• the executive body of the municipality - the administration of the city of Malgobek (local administration);
• control and counting body of the municipality.

Chairs of the Assembly of Deputies

• from 2009 to 2013 - Gantemirov Eraki Ayupovich
• from 2013 to 2016 - Mamilov Sharpudin Savarbekovich
• since 2016 - Evloev Usman Sulimanovich (I.O.)

Heads of administration

• Tsurov Mustafa Tuganovich (2001—2002)
• Mamilov Tugan Alaudinovich (2002)
• Alikhanov Mukhmatkhan Akhmetovich (2002—2008)
• Korigov Muhmad Pashaevich (2008—2012)
• Dodov Ahmed Muharbekovich (2012—2014)
• Evloev Mukhazhir Nuradinovich (2014—2016)
• Mamilov Sharpudin Savarbekovich (2016—2018)
• Egiev Suleiman Magometovich (since 2018)

• Oil concern " Ingushneftegazprom "
• The Malgobek- Tikhoretsk oil pipeline
• 110/35/6 kV power substation “Malgobek-3” ^[44]

Three city bus routes serviced by Ingushavtotrans. But buses operating on these routes make only a few (1-8) flights per day. Rolling stock: PAZ-3205 .

Natives

Born in Malgobek :

• Aushev, Muharbek Izmailovich - deputy of the State Duma of the second and fourth convocations.
• Serebryakov, Boris Efimovich - Soviet serial maniac killer.
• Shestopalov, Vladimir Alekseevich - mayor of Pyatigorsk in 2004-2006.

Heroes of the battles of Malgobek in the years 1942-1943

• Avtandylan, Temik Avanesovich - Hero of the Soviet Union , was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for the successful fulfillment of a combat mission during the battles near Malgobek in November 1942.
• Morkovin, Mikhail Vasilyevich - Hero of the Soviet Union, a Soviet commander, in the fall and winter of 1942, using military tricks , defended a section of the Alkhanchurt canal in the Malgobek region.
• Petrov, Vladimir Yakovlevich - Hero of the Soviet Union, received the title of Hero, including for the exemplary performance of combat missions in the area of ​​Malgobek in September 1942, one of the streets of the city was named after him ^[45] .
• Pyryaev, Vasily Vasilyevich - Hero of the Soviet Union, in September 1942, the future Hero distinguished himself in battles near the village of Krasnaya Gorka (today, in the territory of the urban district of Malgobek).
• Etush, Vladimir Abramovich - Soviet and Russian film and theater actor, participated in the battles in the Malgobek region in 1942, since 1995 - “Freeman” of the city of Malgobek ^[46] , in 2007 one of the city streets was named after him ^[47] .
• Spring, Philip Stepanovich - Hero of the Soviet Union, pilot-ace , died in the vicinity of Malgobek in September 1942.

Other

• Levshin, Alexander Ivanovich - oilman, Hero of Socialist Labor , worked in Malgobek.
• Lologaev, Ahmet Bibertovich - an oilman, Hero of Socialist Labor, “Freeman” of the city of Malgobek, lived and worked in Malgobek.

•   Brest